消防员努力扑灭燃烧的Hyundai Ioniq 5,韩国引发电动汽车恐慌,电动汽车着火成为最大隐患?

电动车的火灾风险是电动车粉丝认为最令人反感的话题。他们认为,关于电动车起火的新闻报道是更广泛的反电动车阴谋的一部分,由 Toyota 等传统汽车制造商传播,加上媒体夸大其词,误导民众忽视更多传统引擎 (ICE) 汽车起火的案例。

是的,电动车确实不会像传统引擎的汽车那样着火。问题是一旦电动车着火时,它的燃烧成都极为壮观,以至于任何消防设备都无法有效控制火势,而且它会在几天内一遍又一遍地反复点燃,这种情况被称为热失控。

想要永久熄灭燃烧电动车的唯一可靠方法,是用起重机将汽车举起并将其浸入水池中,但如果汽车被卡在困难的位置,如在斜坡或在地下停车场则无法有效执行。

想要扑灭电动车火灾的唯一可靠方法是使让它变成泡水车,
德国消防部门透过 PHEV BMW i8 证明这一点

相反,燃烧的传统引擎汽车则会在没有什么可燃烧的情况下自行熄火,而且普通的灭火器就足以对付其火势。 通常当消防员到达时,大火已经熄灭,只剩下一坨烂摊子。

本月早些时候,在韩国釜山,Hyundai Ioniq 5 撞上收费站护栏后,司机和乘客当场死亡,并且车辆在撞击后3秒内被点燃,即便是消防员到场仍然无法阻止火势。

根据新闻报道显示,配备呼吸器的消防员(电池经过燃烧会释放出刺鼻和剧毒的气体)即使在大火被扑灭后也必须继续用水浇灌汽车,因为电池中的热失控会导致再次点燃。

目前即使大火已经被扑灭,消防员不得不继续用水浇灌电池以防止其重新点燃

车子就这样一遍遍地烧着,消防队只好带上特殊的工具,在车子周围搭建一个临时的水池,把车子下半部分淹,好让让落地式电池保持低温。

没有起重机和全尺寸水箱,韩国消防员搭建临时水池来淹没 Ioniq 5 的电池

初步调查显示,乘客并非死于火灾(死者的呼吸道中未发现烟灰),而是死于碰撞本身,估计时速在 80 至 90 km/h 之间。涉事车辆在碰撞前没有进行刹车动作,乘员也没有系安全带,调查显示,假安全带夹被用来防止汽车的安全带警示声。

此意外的事件迅速成为韩国社交媒体热门话题,导致更多涉及 Ioniq 5 的火灾的帖子被炒热,包括下图所示。

该事件比其他国家通常更受关注,因为在韩国 Hyundai Kona EV 在发生多起火灾之后,该电动车被定义为高火灾风险车型,而该车型已在韩国停产,但在大马和印尼等其他国家/地区仍推出改进车型。

今年 1 月早些时候,Hyundai Kona Electric 已经进行电池更换召回,车辆在行驶过程中突然着火,幸好司机安然无恙。

“我并不是要批评电动车,因为我自己也拥有一辆电动车。 相反,我要求汽车制造商提高与电池相关的安全性。我知道很难找到电池起火的原因,但我相信他们知道发生什么问题,” 31 岁 Ioniq 5 车主告诉《The Korea Heral》。

根据韩国国家火灾研究所的统计数据显示,2020 年,电动车仅占汽车燃烧事件记录中 0.52%,而传统引擎的汽车则占 1.88%。

但这也是因为电动汽现在只占马路上汽车的一小部分。 随着电池电动车变得越来越普遍,韩国消防部门正在评估几种应对电动车火灾的方案,包括使用灭火毯和特殊工具在汽车周围快速建立冷却池,如下所示:

这种移动式水池是韩国消防部门评估的方法之一,但想要举起汽车在地下方放置防漏水层很困难
,因为一般电动车的车重都超过 2 吨

韩国电池工业协会表示,降低热失控风险的一种解决方案是使用固态电池。

“目前没有统计数据显示电动车的火灾风险高于内燃机汽车,该行业正在尽最大努力提高电池的安全性,其中一种解决方案是开发全固态电池,”电池制造商协会发言人表示。

经过燃烧的电动车被浸入池中后,需要将其拖到开阔的场地,因为它仍然可能再次着火

顾名思义,固态电池是固态的形式,内部不需要电解液,而电解液会随着每个充放电循环而降解,以促进离子的运动过程。

Toyota LQ 原型车是一款搭载固态电池的道路合法电动车(带牌照)。 为了确保安全性和 Toyota 级别的可靠性,Toyota 使用日本的 SPring-8 同步加速器辐射设施开发世界第一个在粒子级别上研究电池的方法

Toyota 预计在 2025 年前将固态电池投入到量产市场,但它会率先出现在混合油电车而非纯电动车。原因很简单,混合油电车使用更小和更便宜的电池,而固态电池的成本对电动车来说太昂贵。

目前,已有几家中国制造商也展示固态电池的工作原型,但尚未准备好推出市场贩售。

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Ray Chan

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曾经是一位汽车媒体人,直到拥有人生的一部车才对车充满热情。快乐其实很简单,一台敞篷车,一个目的地,因为驾驶乐趣从来不是指速度。...

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