CVT车型真的会更不耐用吗?

CVT的优点已经是众所周知的了:设计简单、节能省油、换挡平顺,并且可以有无限多的齿轮比。因为有着众多的优点,Nissan、Honda和Toyota旗下的城市车型主要使用的都是CVT变速箱。

对于CVT变速箱,人们最常担心的是过热钢带断裂。但这些担忧,是不是真的合乎实际呢?

1. CVT变速箱过热

热到冒烟的CVT变速箱  图片来源:Zordaq Motorsports N9

CVT确实会出现过热的现象,并且会导致CVT变速箱油变质,从而引起其它部件的损坏。同时,高温也会导致CVT传动带出现断裂。

CVT过热的原因主要有两个:

  • 车子是为低温地区设计的(通常复新车都是这样的)
  • 车主没有正确保养/缺少保养知识

我国的复新车很容易出现这个问题,因为它们多数都是为气温更低的地区设计的。这个问题通常也很容易解决,只要换装尺寸更大的后市场CVT油冷却器就可以了。

车子缺乏保养是另一个会引起CVT过热的原因。如果车辆长期没有进行保养,CVT油的散热性能会逐渐下降。甚至还有车主把普通的ATF油加到CVT变速箱里,而这两种油的规格是完全不同的,所以这几乎是为你的CVT变速箱宣判了死刑。

定期更换CVT变速箱油  图片来源

2. CVT钢制传动带断裂

断裂的CVT钢制皮带  图片来源:Hondata

CVT钢带会出现断裂,而且在出现断裂前,通常不会有什么先兆。在CVT变速箱中,驱动滑轮(Pulley)和被动滑轮是靠钢带连接起来的,如果这根钢带断了,那么引擎就无法驱动轮子了。

CVT钢带由元件和环形材料组成,而环形材料用得越多,钢带也就越坚固耐用。

钢制传动带由几百个零部件组成,你可以想象一下,如果它发生断裂,会是什么样的场面。车子肯定需要拖车救援了,而且通常都要更换整具变速箱,这个费用是非常高昂的。

通常来说,钢带的断裂都是激烈驾驶或者动力过大造成的。CVT并不是为高负荷工况而设计的,这也是为什么它们只出现在城市车型上,而不会被性能车采用。

你不应该用“CVT”来弹射起步,也不应该让引擎动力超过CVT的极限。

通过以上的分析,我们可以发现,CVT的常见问题在绝大部分情况下都是可以避免的。不过,确实有一些车子使用的CVT存在天生的缺陷,我们稍后也会谈到这个问题。

Q:为什么使用CVT的车型越来越多了?

A:CVT变速箱具有更少的运动部件,而且体积通常较小、成本较低,也更省油,所以车企越来越多的采用了CVT。另外,普通的驾驶者也不会太在意“驾驶激情”的问题。

Q:都有哪些CVT车型的例子?

A:紧凑车型有

它们都采用了CVT变速箱,即将上市的Perodua D55L预计也会使用CVT变速箱。

使用CVT的大型车有:

许多耐用的日本车都使用了CVT变速箱,这个技术也随着时间的发展而越来越可靠了。它的结构更加简单、更加省油,而且驾驶体验更加平顺,这是毋庸置疑的。

Q:如果CVT这么好,Proton为什么要重新使用传统的4AT变速箱?

A:Proton采用的Punch产CVT并没有使用扭力转换器,而是采用了起步离合器,这也是这具CVT没有其它CVT变速箱那么平顺的原因之一。也正因如此,Proton才选择换回传统的扭力转换器4AT变速箱。

这具“湿式离合CVT”需要驾驶员去适应它独特的特性,不过显然,许多人都觉得这太麻烦了。毕竟,驾自排车就是为了方便,不是吗?

除此之外,传统的4AT变速箱在设计上也要比使用湿式离合器的Punch CVT更加经久耐用。

Honda City在重新搭载CVT变速箱之前,也暂时使用过传统的AT变速箱

除了Proton以外,GD8 Honda City也使用搭载起步离合器的CVT变速箱,这也是GM2车型重新使用传统的5速自排变速箱的原因。从GM6世代开始,Honda City又重新使用了CVT变速箱。

总结

CVT变速箱其实也是十分耐用的,但前提是你有合适的使用习惯——像个正常人一样驾车,定时保养,并使用正确的变速箱油。CVT变速箱不是拿来激烈操驾的。

只要方式正确,CVT变速箱过热和钢带断裂这种常见的担心都是可以避免的。不过,并不是所有的CVT变速箱都是一样的,有一些就是会比别的更好。

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