rolls royce kestrel
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rolls royce kestrel Post Review
The 'fledgling' Luftwaffe! These Messerschmitt Bf.109B-1 aircraft (of Jg. 132 'Richthofen'), were the first aircraft of this (soon to be famous) type to enter service, in 1937. The first Bf 109 prototype had actually flown with a British built Rolls Royce Kestrel engine!🇬🇧 https://t.co/oVKZUszM5W
1938 Hawker Hind in 15 Squadron RAF colours and the serial K5414. Lovely Rolls-Royce Kestrel V Water-cooled V-12. https://t.co/rZeXqyg5OV
Straw poll time... Which of these Rolls-Royce engines sounds sweetest to your ears - Kestrel, Merlin or Griffon? https://t.co/IG75MAjM9r
The Fighter Collection's Hawker Nimrod made a welcome display appearance at the final IWM Duxford Flying Day of the year. The couple of weekend flights it made being its first for more than three years and the first flight of a Rolls-Royce Kestrel-powered aircraft for two years! https://t.co/DEc1D7TIaG
86 years ago first flight Hawker Audax British army co-operation 2-seat biplane aircraft based on the Hawker Hart. Fitted with 480 h.p Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine, long exhaust pipes to obviate flame dazzle for the pilot, wireless and electrical apparatus & message pick-up hoop https://t.co/2sYSqYuip7
11 October 1938. First flight of the Westland Whirlwind (L6844). British twin-engine heavy fighter, Royal Air Force's first single-seat, twin-engine, cannon-armed fighter. The engines were developments of the Rolls-Royce Kestrel K.26, later renamed Peregrine. https://t.co/UH1DKWOmMw
Pupils receiving instruction on the Rolls Royce Kestrel engine of a Hawker Hart Trainer at No.4 Flying Training School, RAF Abu Suier, Egypt https://t.co/psIElX2uBb
87 years ago first flight Fairey Hendon British monoplane heavy bomber initially powered by 2 x Bristol Jupiter radial engines, replaced with 2 x Rolls-Royce Kestrel III engines before production as MkII. First all-metal low-wing monoplane to enter RAF service. 14 served 1936-39. https://t.co/ql5TKDj9qE
The Hawker Hart, an attractive British two-seat light bomber of the 1930s, normally fitted with a water-cooled Rolls Royce Kestrel engine. However, this 'beast' is being tested with the newer Bristol Mercury air-cooled powerplant, which does nothing for its looks! https://t.co/JPEhxxmTOt
@AvHistorian 31/3/39 Miles M.9 Master (N7408) British WWII advanced trainer aircraft first flight. Powered by a 715 hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel XXX engine @DTEPHoward @warbird_nerd @lauriebe88 @frenkie58 @clark_aviation @tempest_books @MilesAircraft @classicwarbirds @SpitfireFilly https://t.co/ksnkO1PJCQ
rolls royce kestrel Q&A Review
What is something that almost nobody knows about the Bf 109 fighter aircraft from Germany?
There are a couple of interesting facts to know: In early models, Bf-109 horizontal stabilizers were braced with lift struts, which caused extra drag. Beginning with the F model these struts were eliminated. Early Spitfires used a carburetor, which would stall the engine when inverted (due to fuel deprivation). The Bf-109 had a fuel-injected engine that didn’t have this problem. If in trouble, a Bf-109 pilot could escape by rolling inverted and diving away: any pursuing Spitfire’s engine would cut out, allowing the German to get away. The first Bf-109 prototypes were powered by a Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine. The last model of the -109, the Spanish-built (under license) HA-1112MIL, also used a Rolls-Royce engine, the Merlin.
Why is the Westland Whirlwind WW2 fighter so overlooked?
It wasn’t overlooked. There was no engine for it. The aircraft was designed and built around the Rolls-Royce Peregrine, the final derivative of the 1930s range of Kestrel engines. Unfortunately by late 1939, a shortage of machinery and manpower forced Rolls-Royce to rationalise production and several engines were dropped. Thus ,when the first production Peregrine was delivered in February 1940 the decision had already been made to cease production after 290 units. The Whirlwind was doomed from that point on, and was limited to a production run of just 114 aircraft., A reading of the ORBs of Nos. 263 and 137 Squadrons does show that the Peregrine was not particularly reliable, there were several failures and accidents, some fatal, though this is not the reason that the Peregrine or the Whirlwind was cancelled. There were problems with the prototypes, intake ducts, slats, canopy, tailwheel oleo, boost control and a host of others. Petter and Westland proved reluctant to address them, which did not help their case. As a twin it was also expensive, the two prototypes ordered in 1937 cost £45,500, which was a lot of money. The type was axed and reprieved (partially) on more than one occasion. The Whirlwind was built for Air Ministry Specification F.37/35, which called for a day/night interceptor fighter armed with four 20-mm cannon, a 40 mph speed advantage over contemporary bombers and an operational ceiling of 30,000 feet. Unfortunately the Whirlwind’s performance proved unsatisfactory at high altitudes. It was faster than the Spitfire I below 10,000 feet, and equal to it between 10,000 feet and 20,000 feet, it could also out dive the Spitfire and above 360 mph its manoeuvrability was superior to both the Spitfire I and Hurricane (going as fast as it could) but its practical ceiling was only 20,000 feet. By the time the aircraft became operational at the end of 1940, the majority of combats took place well above this ceiling. The Whirlwind had missed its raison d’être, but the two squadrons who operated them against the enemy made excellent use of them as ground attack aircraft. It was also a beautiful aircraft to behold. For me it gives the Spitfire a good run for its money.
How did car companies like Rolls-Royce and BMW end up making jet engines?
TL;DR One was a car maker who took to making aero engines. The other was an aero engine manufacturer who took to making cars. Rolls were asked to make aero engines in WWI while BMW actually started off as an aero engine manufacturer in 1916. For Rolls Royce it was a relatively straightforward step to move from car engines to aircraft engines early in WWI. After WWI they realised that there was a steady cash flow from the government making aero engines. By the start of WWII they were the leading UK manufacturer of water cooled V12’s aka the Merlin! Early in WWII their resident mathematical genius, Stanley Hooker, went to have a look at Frank Whittles jet engine. He calculated that Whittle’s prototype jet engine was already giving as much thrust as a Merlin. At that point the boss of Rolls, Ernest Hives, took a serious interest and did a deal to swap a tank engine factory with Rovers to gain control of their jet engine business. Whittle had deliberately chosen the centrifugal compressor because it is easier to make. Rolls - under Hookers guidance - were making the best centrifugal superchargers in the world. Their combined talents meant that Rolls Royce jet engines were the first really reliable jet engines in the world (with Halford and De Havilland giving them a close run!) Centrifugal jet engines are theoretically less efficient than axial jets and have a much bigger cross section - so more drag. But, they were a logical progression of the centrifugal supercharger ‘state of the art’ and were made powerful and reliable much more quickly than axials (there are British aphorisms “Second best tomorrow” and “the best is the enemy of the good”) BMW actually started as an aero engine company founded by Karl Rapp ,Rapp Motorenwerke - Wikipedia,. Working with Franz Josef Popp and Max Fritz they ended up with the Bavarian Aircraft company ,Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG, but since their main business was aero engines that then became ,Bayerische Motoren Werke. ,Presumably because of considerable Bavarian government help (the southerners were always keeping an eye on Prussian dominance). Hence the blue and white sections of the BMW logo are inspired by the Bavarian flag ,Flag of Bavaria - Wikipedia, and the idea of a propellor disk. Fritz had the idea of running engines throttled back at ground level, so that they were more efficient at high altitude. German reconnaissance aircraft with BMW engines were notoriously difficult to catch and it was one of the most popular engines for the Fokker DVII BMW IIIa - Wikipedia Like most German aero engine manufacturers BMW had a lean time of it after WWI but continued to develop aero engines up to the BMW VII- a V12, but with old fashioned separate cylinders. It produced up to 750 hp but was bulky and heavy ,BMW VII - Wikipedia, . When a Rolls Royce Kestrel replaced the BMW VII in the Heinkel 70 it was 30mph faster. For whatever reason (if someone could tell me I would be very grateful) BMW switched to radial air-cooled engines, bought a license from P&W and launched the ,BMW 132 - Wikipedia, . From then on BMW was ,the, German radial manufacturer - ending up with the superb ,BMW 801 - Wikipedia Germany recognised the theoretical advantages of the axial jet engine and both BMW and Junkers were told to develop axial jets. BMW started early, but spent too long on development, so that the Junkers Jumo 004 reached production ahead of the BMW 003. ,BMW 003 - Wikipedia After the war the BMW 003 was reborn as the French Atar ,Snecma Atar - Wikipedia Since then BMW’s aero engine involvement has really been as part of MTU The 1950s and 60s But they still come back every so often ,Rolls-Royce Deutschland - Wikipedia
What interesting facts do you know about the Hawker Hurricane plane which most people don't know?
Interesting facts do you know about the Hawker Hurricane vs Spitfire plane which most people don't know. The Hawker Hurricane did not owe its origins to any single individual. It was the result of an evolutionary process that began with the fabric-covered biplanes of World War I. Revolutionary for its time-it was the RAF’s first monoplane fighter and its first fighter to exceed 300 mph-the Hurricane was still a wood-and-fabric airplane. It was once referred to as ‘a halfway house between the old biplanes and the new Spitfires.’ Sidney Camm, Hawker Aircraft’s chief designer, was the leading force behind the Hurricane’s development. In the early 1930s, when the Air Ministry began looking to replace its biplanes with a more modem fighter, Camm already had a design for what he called his Fury monoplane, a modification of the graceful and highly maneuverable Fury biplane. The Fury was the direct descendant of Sopwith’s Pup, Triplane, Camel, Dolphin and Snipe-fighters of World War I. Hawker Aircraft Ltd. had begun its life as Sopwith Ltd. Apart from the fact that the Hurricane was a monoplane, its major differences from the Fury were its power plant and armament. The Fury was powered by the Rolls-Royce Kestrel, which gave it a maximum speed of 184 mph. But the Kestrel was much too small for the Hurricane. When Camm heard about RollsRoyce’s PV-12 engine, the Merlin, he modified his new monoplane to accommodate it. The original armament of the new Hawker monoplane consisted of two .303-caliber Vickers Mark V machine guns mounted in the fuselage, and two .303-caliber Browning machine guns in the wings. But when Dowding decided that eight guns would be needed to destroy an enemy bomber, Camm changed his design. Just as Mitchell had done with his Spitfire, Camm incorporated eight Browning machine guns in his new fighter, four in each wing. But while Mitchell spaced the guns across the wing’s leading edge, Camm grouped four guns together on each wing; this made for a tighter and more destructive concentration of fire. When the Hawker plane made its first test flight on November 6, 1935, it was still without a name-the Air Ministry did not approve ‘Hurricane,’ the name suggested by the manufacturer, until June 1936. The Hurricane’s maiden flight impressed the Air Ministry, but there were still some who had their doubts about such an ‘unconventional’ airplane-one that had eight machine guns and an enclosed cockpit. The first order of 600 Hurricanes was not placed by the Air Ministry until seven months after the initial test flight. Enclosed cockpits, retractable landing gears and other features that would become standard for World War II-era airplanes were considered too unorthodox by many authorities, even as late as the mid-to-late 1930s. High-ranking officers who had flown during World War I were accustomed to open cockpits, fixed wheels, struts and supporting cables. Wood and fabric biplanes were familiar; monocoque monoplanes were new and strange to them. And the ‘old school’ types had a good deal of influence in the pre-1939 RAF. Some World War I pilots even insisted that the monoplane would always be outclassed by the biplane, because a biplane could always outmaneuver any monoplane. If those officers had had their way, the RAF would have faced the ,Luftwaffe’s ,Messerschmitt Bf-109s with obsolete Gloster Gladiators in the spring and summer of 1940. It was that line of thinking that made Dowding’s job of upgrading and modernizing the RAF more difficult. Source https://www.historynet.com/supermarine-spitfires-and-hawker-hurricanes-world-war-ii-aircraft.htm
Who designed the Rolls Royce Merlin engine?
It's not correct to give a single name as the "designer" of the Merlin (just as it's not really accurate to state that Reginald Mitchell designed rge Spitfire) because there were many people involved in the design and development of the engine over its considerable lifetime: Merlins were in development and manufacture from 1936 through to 1951. However, just as Reginald Mitchell was the person most associated with design of the Spitfire (Joe Smith taking over after his death from cancer), the single person most associated with the Rolls-Royce Merlin is Arthur Rowledge: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rowledge . The Merlin like most aero engines was not a completely clean sheet design and owed a lot to earlier engines, especially the Rolls-Royce Kestrel. Arthur Rowledge led design on that engine too. It should also be noted the Packard contributed to the development of the Merlin, especially by improving the ease with which it could be mass-produced but unfortunately I do not have the name of the lead engineer involved with this engine in Packard. Finally I think it would be remiss not to mention Tilly Shilling, an outstanding engineer who designed the RAE restrictor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Shilling%27s_orifice) which reduced engine flooding under negative-g, which was a problem for Merlin-engines fighters trying to follow a German machine in a bunt. So: team effort over many years, but for a single name: Arthur Rowledge
Why is "Merlin" a name commonly used to name engines (Rolls-Royce Merlin, Falcon heavy Merlin engines)?
When we first started SpaceX we just called our booster engine the 60 K engine, but after we started running it Elon told me to come up with a name for it that wasn’t numbers and letters (like RD-180, RS-68, etc.). One of the people working on the turbopmp from Barber Nichols was a Falconer and she suggested we name it after a Falcon. I thought that sounded good so I asked her what are some Falcon names. She named off a bunch and I can’t recall them all but I do remember that the Kestrel is the small one, the Merlin is a medium size Falcon and the Peregrine and Gyrfalcon are large Falcons. I thought great, we’ll name the small second stage engine Kestrel and the medium sized engine the Merlin. I knew we would develop bigger engines in the future so I planned to reserve Peregrine for later. Elon liked the naming so it stayed. Years later we started work on a staged combustion engine which was a different type than Merlin, so I was thinking along the lines of Eagle or something. I eventually came up with Raptor, which is a general definition of birds of prey including Eagles, Hawks, Falcons and Owls. No, it’s not named after a dinosaur! That was accepted as the name of the engines for BFR. This answer typed on my phone at Orlando Airport on the way back from the Falcon Heavy test launch where 28 Merlin’s engines did their job spectacularly!
Which was the best fighter aircraft designed and built by a "minor" nation during the Second World War?
I think maybe the Fokker G.1 could be one of the contenders. It kind of looks like the child of a Bristol Beaufighter and a Lockheed P-38. The intended use for the G.1 was the same as the way the Germans used the Messerschmitt Bf-110. It was not as fast as Fokker wanted it to be because they had to rely on less than ideal engines. The idea was to use Rolls Royce Kestrel or even Merlin engines but the British did not want to supply those so Fokker was stuck with less powerful Hispano Suiza engines. The aircraft could still manage to reach a top speed of almost 500 km/h. Unfortunately, further development of the G.1 stopped when the Netherlands were overrun by the Germans in 1940. The few G.1 that were already in use by the Airforce scored some victories over German bombers and fighters and also did some strafing runs on German convoys but not nearly enough to make a real impact. Only 36 of these aircraft were produced. The Germans used some captured G.1s for training purposes during the war.
How was the German Air Force in the 1960s?
The West German Luftwaffe was reformed in 1956. Initally they received a lot of aircraft through NATO military assistance programmes. In the air defence role 75 Canadair Sabre Mk 5s were transferred from the RCAF in 1957 followed by 225 new build Canadair Sabre Mk 6s delivered with US mutual aid funds. The USA also provided 88 F-86K all weather Sabre versions. In the strike and recconaissance roles 450 Republic F-84F Thunderstreaks and 108 RF-84F Thunderflashes were also supplied from 1956 and remained in service until 1967. 192 Lockheed T-33 jet trainers were also brought into service. In 1956 Britain supplied the German naval air arm with 62 Hawker Sea Hawk naval fighter-bombers modified with underwing radar pods for anti-shipping use and 15 Fairey Gannet anti-submarine patrol aircraft for use in the Baltic. France supplied 167 Nord Noratlas tactical transports in the late 1950s too, of which the majority were assembled under licence in Germany. Helicopters were aquired from France, the USA and the UK for the Army, Air Force and Navy. During the 1960s the Lufwaffe and naval air arm fleet was refreshed with 917 locally assembled F-104G, RF-104G and TF-104G Starfighters in the air defence, interdictor, anti-shipping and reconnaisance role. 360 German/Italian designed Fiat G-91R light attack aircraft (itself a derivative of the F-86 design) were also locally assembled in the 1960s, replacing the F-84F in the close air support role. In the early 1960s Gemany participated in the VSTOL Hawker Kestrel tri-nation trials with the USA and UK, which led to the Harrier jumpjet, but chose to stick with the G-91 instead. The Luftwaffe’s facination with VSTOL was not at an end, and they developed the experimental lift-fan powered VFW-Fokker VAK 191B jointly with Fiat in Italy and Rolls Royce in the UK in the mid-1960s. This partnership became the basis of the MRCA/Tornado project. If I squint I can see a bit of Tornado in the VAK 191B’s forward fuselage. The Rolls Royce liftfan design was resusitated for the F-35B. Around this time air training was relocated to the USA and re-equipped with T-37s and T-38s to enable West German airbases to be used for frontline NATO forces. The NATO F-104 programme also involved Dutch, Canadian, Italian and Belgian manufacturers assembling the type. French designed Transall tactical transports and Atlantic patrol aricraft entered service in the late 1960s alongside US F-4Fs and RF-4E Phantoms in the early 1970s for air defence and recon. From the late 1970s the Panavia Tornado and Dornier/Dassault Alpha Jets, both European collaborative projects involving the UK, Italy and France, replaced the last of the F-104s and G-91Rs in the stirke role. If you liked this follow my space ,WarZone, Thank you!
Were the SpaceX Kestrel and Merlin engines named directly after the birds of prey or indirectly by referencing the Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines?
SpaceX tech names include: engines ,Kestrel, Merlin,, and ,Raptor, (birds of prey) reaction control system thrusters ,Draco, and ,SuperDraco, (dragon killed by Hercules) spacecraft ,Dragon rockets ,Falcon, and ,Falcon, ,Heavy, (BFR is placeholder not actual name) Only Kestrel and Merlin are Rolls Royce names. So ,neither, birds of prey or Rolls Royce engines fit. But they are all ,winged predators, from mythology.
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