volkswagen golf iii
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VOLKSWAGEN GOLF Wheel — RAYS VOLK RACING TE37SL BLACK EDITION III 18” Pressed Black Clear/Rim REDOT Tire — Bridgestone Potenza S001 Rage your dream… Attitude is everything… #Volkswagen #Golf #rays #VolkRacing #Te37 #TE37SL #BlackEdition3 #Bridgestone #Potenza #s001 https://t.co/nxkxV6Otk9
1991 #Volkswagen Golf III GTI *UK* https://t.co/x3qnnc8YDo https://t.co/CW74qPJAOe
There are some gems in the @MParkClassics catalogue right now. Which one would you choose? 🔘 1986 Land Rover 90 V8 Commercial 🔘 1993 Volkswagen Golf VR6 🔘 1971 Austin 6 CWT Pickup 🔘 1974 Jensen Interceptor III #classiccars #classiccarsuk https://t.co/2ywxQKrkZy
#HotWheels #Volkswagen Golf Mk.Ⅲ ‘21 Cult Racers 3/5 https://t.co/UHamOTpEEo
40 years ago today Ford launched the third generation Escort. Unlike the Mark II, the Mark III was a completely new "wheels-up" design, and was conceived as a hi-tech, high-efficiency vehicle which would compete with the Volkswagen Golf. https://t.co/BJJSJzFuw5
There are Golfs and then there's these two. iZinja madoda! The Volkswagen Golf III VR6 and Golf VII GTI. https://t.co/dyzdERlyBx
1990s Golf iii VR6 https://t.co/czXOkWxpwS https://t.co/Wx5JJrxwrR Credits to @CARmagSA @SentiMETAL_ZA #volkswagen #golf #vr6 #mk3 #volkswagen #hothatch #golfvr6 #mk3vr6 #southafrica #freshautoinc https://t.co/7kighxOt0g
Volkswagen Golf III Limousine 🚙 #Golf https://t.co/dTpraMFTcF https://t.co/n7RDj0Camy
DAY 21 #WRCAdventCalendar Who is your favourite co-driver? This one here early in his international career ranks high in my list. Jani Pirttinen - @MiikkaAnttila, #RallyeDeutschland 2001 (@FIAERC, #WRC candidate event), Volkswagen Golf III Kit Car, ret. 📷 Ville Vankiselli https://t.co/XZnFGUs2yd
A 1996 #Volkswagen Golf III 1.9 TDI in stunning condition. This modern classic is a fantastic example of the #VW squad of long distance competition cars, starting at events like the 24 Hours of Spa or the 6 Hours of Vallelunga. Details at https://t.co/SGI4q7qrZo #classictrader https://t.co/xzGtcMwvtG
volkswagen golf iii Q&A Review
What are the most fascinating science facts?
Here are some fascinating science facts: Collectively speaking, humans have spent longer playing World of Warcraft (over 6 million years) than we have existed as a species separate from chimpanzees. A dog has the same ecological footprint as two Toyota Landcruisers; a has cat the same environmental effect as a Volkswagen Golf; two hamsters the same as a plasma TV. In 1251, Henry III was given a polar bear by the king of Norway. He kept it in the Tower of London, on a long chain so that it could swim in the Thames. If all the LEGO bricks ever manufactured were clipped on top of one another, they would make a tower ten times as high as the distance to the Moon. If you drilled a tunnel straight through the Earth and jumped in, it would take you exactly 42 minutes and 12 seconds to get to the other side. If the Sun were the size of a beach ball then Jupiter would be the size of a golf ball and the Earth would be as small as a pea. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the world in a lifetime. The human brain takes in 11 million bits of information every second but is aware of only 40. A red blood cell can make a complete circuit of your body in 20 seconds. The strongest creatures on Earth are gonorrhea bacteria. They can pull 100,000 times their own body weight. The average person accidentally eats 430 bugs each year of their life. When a flea jumps, the rate of acceleration is 20 times that of the space shuttle during launch. A pig’s orgasm lasts for 30 minutes. The name of the first human being in the Norse mythology is Ask. If the 5 trillion spiders in Netherlands took to eating humans rather than insects, they’d consume all 16.7 million Dutch people just in three days. SOURCE: 40 Interesting Science Facts That Will Blow Your Socks Off THANK YOU FOR READING!
As a luxury car owner, have you ever considered going back to a cheap car? If yes, were you able to downgrade and how?
This happened to me twice, only that I didn’t went from luxury but “premium”. My fisrt car was a 2004 Volkswagen Golf GTI with less than 100.000 km and I loved it! I really enjoyed driving it. After just three months of owning the GTI I decided to sell it because it was really expensive to drive with almost 17L/km, so I changed it for another golf IV 1,9 TDI. The second time I had to swipe from a premium to a cheaper car was this summer. I had a Audi A3 and I loved it. It was the best car I’ve never owned and I really enjoyed driving it, but I had a car accident and I couldn’t afford to repair it so I sold it and bought an old VW Polo III. It’s a modest car but much cheaper to own and mantain. I can go anywhere with it and I still have some money savings for traveling this christmas.
What does the term "block" refer to when referring to new fighter aircraft? For example, F-16C Fighting Falcon "Block" 50 model and F/A-18 block III super hornet.
For the F-16, it's to separate the various upgrades of the original design, similar to how you would have a Volkswagen golf 1 or a golf 5. The first number is the variant, and the second number (2 or 0) designates the engine in the aircraft, the Pratt and Whitney F100 or the General Electric F110. In your exemple, the block 50 means a late 90’s model with improved equipment for ground and night strikes, and the general electric engine. I don't know much about the F18, but I guess it's a similar system
In the movie Iron Man, why does Iron Man name his suits as "Mark 1, Mark 2, Mark 3" and so on? How did he came up with that naming pattern?
So all the names Tony came up with have a different meaning; JARVIS stood for “Just A Rather Very Intelligent System”. FRIDAY stood for “Female Replacement Intelligent Digital Assistant Youth”. EDITH for “Even Dead I’m The Hero”. And so it is for ‘Mark’ which means “My Armours Really Kickass”. :P I mean it doesn’t, but it could. As Mikel said, it’s just another word for version or model number that can be shortened to ‘Mk’. New Volkswagen Golf Mk 8 | Volkswagen UK Supermarine Spitfire Mk III Classic Jaguar Mark 2 Cars for Sale GSLV Mark III - Parabolic Arc
Is it good to buy a Volkswagen secondhand?
Depends on the Volkswagen. My Golf Mk III turned out to be a very reliable and durable vehicle. I had every intention of beating it like a rented mule until it died…but it just wouldn’t DIE. I traded it in for another vehicle. What I also appreciated was how easy it was to work on. Like the old VW beetle, the VW engineers who designed the Golf also put some thought into making them easy to work on. I have fond memories of the Golf. The only downside was that some parts were a little more expensive than for a “domestic” car. Parts that could only be obtained from a dealer, for example. Also, there were some “fiddly bits” on the interior that seemed ,designed ,to break if mistreated and most of the local parts yards here had trouble keeping them in stock. My ,other ,used VW was a 1999 Passat Turbo. Had issues when I bought it. Had more issues when I finally got rid of it. Drove it for only six months and while it was indeed ,fun, to drive…I do not have many fond memories of the Passat. It ,can, be good to buy a Volkswagen secondhand. However; as with any other secondhand vehicle: let the buyer beware!
What are the pros and cons of a Volkswagen car?
I have owned a Volkswagon Golf GTI in the past, Mark III. Generally, very reliable when new. I bought it and already had 50,000 miles on the odometer. I kept it and accumulated to 180,000 miles without much problems. The timing chain sprocket getting worn out and was skipping the timing and soon wouldn't not start. I sold it to wrecking car for $600.00. Better to use OEM CV joints than China -made axles. Pro’s: fun to drive. Better to do maintenance using OEM parts than aftermarket brands. Con’s: OEM parts are more expensive than aftermarket brands.
Why is a front engine more common than a rear engine?
Before the front wheels drive (FWD) cars became mainstream, the standard layout was to place the engine longitudinally at the front, followed in line by the clutch and the gearbox with its lever being directly within reach of the driver. A driveshaft with a universal joint at each end transmit the power to the rear axle, which includes the bevel gear providing the final reduction and the required 90° transfer to the wheels shafts, as well as the differential. This architecture (RWD) provides a good directional stability because the engine weight loads the front axle and places the mass center of the vehicle ahead of its center of crosswind thrust. It also avoids the need for articulated joints on the wheels shafts, but it doesn’t put much weight on the driving wheels when the vehicle is empty or almost empty. Another disadvantage is the need for that long driveshaft between the powertrain and the rear axle, and an equally long exhaust line running underneath the car. Still, this solution remains of general use on trucks (except that they have a vertical or lateral exhaust); the BMW, Mercedes, Jaguar, Lexus, Alfa Romeo Giulia, a few other large cars and many sport ones have such a layout as well, but with independent rear wheels, their differential being suspended. Tatra 77, 1934 With the above exceptions and that of buses, racing cars and many sport cars, a front engine with front wheels drive (FWD) has become the common solution. But it has not always been the case. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the most diffused cars in Europe had their engine in rear overhang. That trend was pioneered by, Mercedes-Benz in the 1930s, (thanks to Donald Ferguson for mentioning it in his comment,), by Hans Ledwinka with the air-cooled Tatra 77 in 1934 and by Dr. Ferdinand Porsche, particularly with the famous Volkswagen Beetle produced at more than 21,500,000 units between 1938 and 2003. VW Beetle Renault followed with the 4 CV, propelled by a small water-cooled 4-cylinder in-line engine in rear overhang. It was built at 1,100,000 units in 5 countries from 1947 to 1961 and followed from 1956 by the slightly bigger Dauphine which used the same basic mechanical components. Renault 4 CV 2,150,000 Dauphine (ten times less than the VW Beetle, but still an impressive number!) were made or assembled in France, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, Japan, Spain and USA. The 4 CV / Dauphine layout was retained and updated for the Renault R8 and derivatives (R8 Gordini and R10) produced between 1962 and 1976. Renault Dauphine The Fiat 600 commercialized between 1955 and 1969 had a layout similar as that of the Renault 4 CV. It was also built under the name Seat 600 in Spain, Zastava 750 (later 850) in Yugoslavia, Fiat 600/770 Neckar Jagst in West Germany, as well as in Australia, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay and Malaysia. Here again, the Fiat 600 basic conception was used in a whole series of Fiat small cars, amongst them the even smaller Fiat 500 propelled by a 2-cylinder air-cooled engine. Fiat Abarth 1000 TC, a sport-racing car based on the Fiat 600 Similar cars were also mass produced in France (Simca 1000 and derivatives), Czechoslovakia (Skoda 1000 and derivatives), Japan (Hino Contessa) and England (Hillman Imp). Air cooled ones were made in Germany (NSU Prinz / 1000 TT and BMW 600/700) and in Soviet Ukraine (ZAZ Zaporozhets). Tatra T700 In higher segments, various air-cooled Tatra models were manufactured in Czechoslovakia between 1934 and 1999. VW produced also 2,500,000 medium size Type 3 between 1961 and 1973, followed by the Type 4 (411 / 412 models) from 1968 until 1974, both types based on upgraded Beetle mechanical layout. In USA, Chevrolet mass-produced different versions of the Corvair between 1960 and 1969 ; it was also assembled in Belgium, Switzerland, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela and South Africa. Volkswagen 1500 Type 3 Several attempts to built large rear-engined 4-doors cars were done in USA (see ,Big Rear-Engined Four-Door Cars – Part 1: American Attempts,) and Europe (see ,Big Rear-Engined Four-Door Cars – Part 2: European Efforts,) during the 1930s - 1940s, but with the exceptions of the various Tatra and later the Chevrolet Corvair as well as the mid-segment VW Types 3 /4, none of the prototypes ever reached mass-production. Apparently, the engineers struggled with unsatisfactory directional stability and water-cooled engines overheating. If these shortcomings could be more or less addressed or deemed acceptable with small, low power and relatively low-speed cars, the were exacerbated on more powerful, faster cars. It could have been solved, in particular with front mounted radiators, a better rear suspension like that of the Hillman Imp or 1965 Corvair, wider rear-tires and a suitable aerodynamic design. But most such concepts were not mastered enough at the time and low profile large tires didn’t even exist. 1965 Corvair rear suspension It would be an easy task to work out the said shortcomings today, as very successfully demonstrated by Porsche - and even more so with the now ubiquitous electronic stability program (ESP). Furthermore, a weight distribution with most of it on the rear axle doesn’t necessarily cause directional instability and oversteer, especially if the rear tires are wider than the front ones. That’s shown by the fact that 2-axles trucks are commonly loaded (in Europe) at 11.5 t (metric tons) on the rear axle for a total weight of 18 t, which leaves 6.5 t only on the front axle, thus a weight distribution of 36% front, 64% rear. But since these vehicles have 2 front tires and 4 rear tires, their directional stability is fine and they do not oversteer - in any case not more than a front wheel drive car. And yes, front wheels drive cars do oversteer when driven to the absolute limit at high speed! It’s a myth forged by journalists who never drive them to the limit at high speed that FWD cars systematically understeer. They tend to do so only in small radius corners but they oversteer slightly at high speed - and sometimes even strongly, especially if the road is wet or slippery. Conversely, rear-engine cars can be made to understeer. So, why is a front engine more common than a rear engine? ,My answer is because the rear engine cars mass diffused in the 1940's to 60's were built as cheap as possible and at the expenses of optimal handling. In order to save two universal joints (one per side), those cars had a rear ,swing axle,, a simplistic solution which cause considerable camber variation along the suspension travel. Thus, front engine cars had a better directional stability and handled better, so the customers preferred them. In response, the automotive industry shifted to FWD after engineer Alec Issigonis showed with the Austin/Morris Mini that it was possible to install a 4-in line engine transversally and thus replace the axle expensive bevel gear by a spur one which is easier to manufacture and has a better efficiency. Goliath GP700 (above) and Saab 92 (below) powertrains (sorry, no better pictures available!) A simpler FWD setup is generally credited to Fiat engineer Dante Giacosa who, in 1964, installed the transverse 4-cylinder engine of the Autobianchi Primula asymmetrically on the right side of the car with its transmission in line on the left side, saving on transfer gears and reducing friction losses in the transmission. But a same layout had been applied on the 2-cylinder 2-stroke Saab 92 in 1949, Goliath GP700 in 1952 and the Est-German Trabant in 1957. Giacosa showed that it could be used with 4-cylinder engines too; it has then become the mainstream powertrain and car architecture. Central-rear engine Race cars and sport cars often have the engine in front of the rear axle. This architecture gives an even weight distribution between the two axles and the centering of the heavy components near the vehicle’s center of mass reduces its moment of inertia around said center. The yaw moment is thus lessened, so that the vehicle can change course very easily and quickly. This feature is favorable for a race car, but less so for a commonly used road vehicle because it reduces its directional stability and the pitch oscillations are larger, affecting comfort. The engine can be placed flat under the front or rear seats of a 4 or 5 seater car, but the heat released inevitably spreads to the seats, especially at high ambient temperature, and secondly engine access for maintenance is harder. Volkswagen EA 266 Nevertheless, to replace the venerable "Beetle", VW and Porsche had developed between 1966 and 1971 the type EA 266, of which 50 prototypes were built. The rear passengers were sitting on the engine and the dipstick was 1.02 meters long. Hundreds of millions of DM had been invested in this project and it was very advanced when the new director of VW, Rudolph Leiding suddenly canceled it... and ordered the destruction of the prototypes! The FWD Golf was favored and its success set the trend. The Corvair case It is quite possible that the attack against the US manufacturers and among others against the Chevrolet Corvair by the lawyer Ralph Nader in his bestseller published in 1965 "Unsafe at Any Speed" struck a decisive blow against the rear overhanging engine layout. Corvair Handling and Stability,, excerpts: Due to Nader’s wild charges about the Corvair and the national concerns for automobile safety, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) was authorized to run a series of comparative tests during the Spring and Summer of 1971 to demonstrate the handling of the 1963 Corvair against four contemporary competitive automobiles. Involved in the tests were The Ford Falcon, Plymouth Valiant, Volkswagen Beetle, Renault Dauphine, the 1963 Corvair, and a 1967 Corvair for reference. The Corvair Is Exonerated At the conclusion of these tests, the NHTSA released its 134 page report. It exonerated the Corvair from Nader’s charges, and said things such as: "The 1960-63 Corvair compares favorably with contemporary vehicles used in the tests," and, "The handling and stability performance of the 1960-63 Corvair does not result in an abnormal potential for loss of control or rollover, and it is at least as good as the performance of some contemporary vehicles both foreign and domestic." The complete report, PB 211-015, can be obtained from the ,National Technical Information Service, (NTIS)*. An Independent Panel Agrees Because the NHTSA wanted to be as sure as possible of their approach, tests and conclusions, they then contracted with a three man advisory panel of independent professional engineers to review the scope and competency of the NHTSA tests. This review panel then issued their own 24 page report (PB 211-014, also available from the NTIS*). In their report, the Panel drew even stronger conclusions in support of the Corvair than the NHTSA. They said, "It is the opinion of the panel that the Corvair quantitatively meets or exceeds the standards set by contemporary cars in stability tests, cornering tests, and rollover tests," and, "for this reason the panel concluded that the 1960-63 Corvair does not have a safety defect, and is not more unstable or more likely to roll over than contemporary cars." Nader is Proven Wrong Wow, go back and read that again. No safety or handling defects in the Corvair! But does anybody know this? The news media all but ignored these conclusions. They apparently thought that Nader’s charges were of greater news value than the fact that his charges were all proven wrong. Even today, of those who know of Nader’s charges against the Corvair, few if any know that his charges were false and were proven wrong. No, the fact that the Corvair was exonerated of all of Nader’s charges was hardly publicized. It received little or no attention from the media. It is ironic that these false charges concerning the Corvair’s handling and stability are all anyone remembers, and are the only story ever told in the Press, even though they have been fully refuted by actual tests. Nader, of course, built his career on these false charges. However, the 1960 to 63 Corvair had a swing rear axle of the same simplistic concept adopted on most other rear engined cars, which involved a very high roll center and strong camber variations, as already mentioned. Corvair rear suspension evolution In 1964, the Corvair handling was further improved with a front anti-roll bar in conjunction with what they called a “camber compensator”. Actually, it was a rear transverse single leaf compensation spring of the same type used on the Porsche 356 Super 90. It tends to equalize the weight on the rear wheels, acting on the contrary of an anti-roll bar, being namely a “pro-roll bar”. It works in association with softer rear main suspension springs and a strong front anti-roll bar, increasing the roll resistance of the front axle while decreasing that of the rear axle. The results in a more neutral cornering behavior and even better drive wheels traction. In 1959 Mercedes had added a compression coil spring over the center of their single joint swing axle ,(above picture), on the 220 W111 in order to obtain the same effect. The result is well shown ,below ,with this 300 SEL 6.8 AMG: See also ,Racecar Engineering March 2018,, page 52 In 1965 the Corvair received the totally new rear suspension (shown previously), similar to that of the Corvette. It further improved its handling, allowing it to reach a lateral acceleration of 0.7 g - a remarkable value with the tires of that time. This fact establishes that a rear overhanging engine is perfectly compatible with excellent dynamic qualities, as the Porsche 911 has also amply demonstrated. VW 412 There is a lot of room in the overhang behind the rear axle and this space is usually partly lost. By placing the peripherals of a water-cooled flat engine on the sides into the fenders, its height can be further reduced - especially with side exhaust manifolds and possibly with dry sump lubrication. A dual-disc or multi-disc clutch would have a smaller diameter and the entire powertrain would be little higher than a spare wheel. The spare wheel can be placed under the front trunk, between two radiators - since the engine must be water-cooled. Air cooled engines are too noisy and they need a powerful fan which takes up to 15% of the crankshaft power. The engine can be of the opposed cylinders type or conventionally in-line, longitudinal eccentric or else transversal with the crankshaft ahead and the cylinder head in the back. An in-line engine is a little simpler to produce industrially because it requires only one cylinder head, a single exhaust manifold and a single overhead camshaft (or a single pair of camshafts). Since the rear wheels do not steer, there is more width available for the engine than between the front fenders. It is also less necessary to provide a deformation zone at the rear, so that the available space in length is also higher. The fuel tank can be located under the front seats or else under the rear seats, as usual. The car would then have two trunks, one at the rear over the engine and a front one too. The rear tires should be wider than the front ones, for example 205/55R16 front and 225/50R16 rear. Both having exactly the same rolling circumference, the spare 205/55R16 could be temporarily used at the rear. With a front anti-roll bar and if necessary a compensation spring at the rear, the car will handle perfectly, better than any front wheels drive. Renault Twingo III: its engine is not really flat, but still there’s a lot of cargo space above it. A whole series of advantages result in cascade: As already mentioned, the car can have a boot in the front in addition to the rear trunk. The load on the drive wheels is important and it increases further uphill and in acceleration. The turning diameter can be reduced and the stresses on the half-shafts joints are minimized. Due to reduced front axle load and its smaller tires, the power steering may be unnecessary. A preponderant mass distribution on the rear provides a better load balance in braking, which shortens the stopping distances. 4 unventilated disks may suffice. The heat released by the powertrain is evacuated to the rear and it heats less the cabin. Air conditioning, which consumes considerable power and adds a dozen kg, is less necessary. The hot exhaust does not pass under the car, which shortens and lighten it while allowing to lower the vehicle. The tunnel and the center console, which makes the passage from one side to another scabrous or even impossible and forces to spread out the front seats, have no longer any reason to exist. Their removal is eased by an electronic control of the transmission and an electric parking-brake, allowing either a reduction of the frontal area or 3 front seats side by side. The NSU Prinz 1000 had a transverse air-cooled 4-cylinder A Porsche 911 powered by a 427 CI (7 liters) V8 Chevrolet LS7 (,LSX Magazine) Francois Dovat's answer to Would you buy a rear-engine car like the VW 412 or Chevy Corvair if there was a modern affordable one in production? Rear-engine design - Wikipedia The Story of the Rear Engined Passenger car, (thanks to Steve Dudley)
What are the most interesting facts you know?
Answer to this question can really be quite vast for it covers a lot of areas because there are so many unknown things in this universe. Many people have come up with really good answers and it's really good to learn so many new interesting facts. I will share with you some of the interesting facts that I know on various topics I will first share with you some interesting facts about some numbers and highlight the significance these numbers have (if any) in the history of this world followed by some interesting facts about scientists. Interesting facts about numbers: 1.4.6692,: A mathematical constant used to (are you ready for this?) describe the dynamic systems of successive differences with period-doubling using the bifurcation diagram before they enter the chaotic regime. What a mouthful! Discovered by Mitchell Feigenbaum in 1975 using a standard issue calculator, he also proved that the mathematical constant 4.6692 was present in a number of mathematical functions related to chaos 2. ,666: ,Besides being interpreted as the number of the beast in the Bible, it has several other significant meanings to history buffs and conspiracy theorists alike, one of which was the duration of the Assyrian empire before it was conquered by Babylon. 3. ,7: ,The luckiest number, seven, has been known for the days of the week, the deadly sins, continents, colors of the rainbow, musical notes, 7-year itch, 7th heaven and so much more. In Europe, people believed that the 7th son/daughter of the 7th son/daughter will have magical powers; while Latin Americans believed that they will become werewolves or lobison. It is also a part of the ‘blue-seven’ phenomenon where the frequent choice of people when asked to name their favorite number is 7, while their favorite color is blue. 4. ,Golden ratio: ,Also known as the Golden Mean or the Golden Section, this is an expression that describes universally perfect proportions in sciences such as architecture and anatomy. Approximately 1.6180339887, two quantities are considered to be in perfect golden ratio if the ratio of those two quantities and the larger one is the same as the ratio between the larger and smaller ones. 5. ,43252003274489856000: ,If you are fond of playing with Rubik’s cubes, this is the total number of configurations that you can do with this 3D combination puzzle that was invented by Erno Rubik in 1974. 6. ,5: ,According to Pythagoras, the number 5 was the perfect number of human microcosm. Aristotle also added a 5th element to the 4 elements of ancient Greek studies and called it Ether, which has become the basis for most of the spiritual practices of the ancient alchemists. It also has some spiritual significance and symbolism in other cultures, including the Chinese and Japanese Buddhists. This number has also become the basis of discordianism, a jocular pseudo religion popularized by Robert Anton Wilson, which believed that everything that happens in the universe has a connection to 5 or a multiple of five. 7. ,8: ,The number of perfection, it has been associated with infinity and the ancient Egyptians believed that it is the number of balance and of the cosmic order. For the Japanese it means multiplicity while the Pythagoreans believed that it is a symbol of love and friendship, so they called it the Great ‘Tetrachtys.’ 8. ,13: ,Considered a bad omen due to the popularity of Friday the 13th, 13 black cats, or 1313 Mockingbird Lane; there is still an air of mystery surrounding this number. Even in modern times, you can easily note that there is no 13th floor in some high-rise buildings, while airplane flight numbers have been reassigned to avoid association with the number 13. It also has a religious significance for Christians when Jesus declared in the Last Supper that one of the 13 disciples will betray Him. 9.,911, :An emergency telephone number in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) it was established in 1968 and provides access to police, ambulance, and fire services. In Canada alone, 12 million calls were made to 911. It can also refer to the September 11, 2001 or 911 terrorist attacks. 10. ,12:,In sports, the No. 12 is considered to be the most popular in the history of the NBA with 327 athletes donning this number. It is also popular in the NFL, as it was worn by three-time Super Bowl winner and New England Patriot quarterback, Tom Brady, as well as other Hall of Famers such as Jim Kelly, Terry Bradshaw, Roger Staubach, Joe Namath, and Ken Stabler,. 11. ,10:10 : ,The 10:10 default position of clocks and watches may have been adopted because it is symmetric and looks aesthetically pleasing, as seen through the Seth Thomas clock catalog illustrations from 1879 to 1940. Though other symmetric hand positions such as 8:20, 8:18 and 2:50 have also been used; the 10:10 position has been retained both for aesthetic and customary purposes. Some have also suggested that the 10:10 position is used because it resembles a smile. 12. ,555, :Before the advent of smartphones, men had no choice but to ask for a girl’s land line number. If her number started with 555, they would surely be disappointed as there is no existing number that starts with 555. This became popular over the past few decades as it has been used in thousands of movies and novels as well. 13. ,8675309:,The 1980s saw a lot of one-hit wonders and the Tommy Tutone song “Jenny 8675309” has driven phone companies and their customers’ nuts for a number of years. According to the song, a promiscuous girl named Jenny will take your call if you dial this number. Besides the number of complaints of prank calls raised for a number of years by customers that were given the number, it also became the most ‘expensive’ phone number to date when it was sold on eBay for $2,025 by a New Jersey DJ who bought the number in 2004. Instead of boosting his music business, Spencer Potter received more than 30 calls a day from fans of the song. His ad reads: “Selling my DJ Company with the most famous number in history – 867-5309.” 14. ,1729: ,1729 is the Hardy–Ramanujan number after a famous anecdote of the British mathematician ,G. H. Hardy, regarding a visit to the hospital to see the Indian mathematician ,Srinivasa Ramanujan,. In Hardy's words: “I remember once going to see him when he was ill at ,Putney,. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable ,omen,. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways." The two different ways are: 1729= (12^3)+(1^3) and 1729=(10^3)+(9^3) The quotation is sometimes expressed using the term "positive cubes", since allowing negative perfect cubes (the cube of a ,negative,integer,) gives the smallest solution as ,91, (which is a ,divisor, of 1729): 91=(6^3)+((-5)^3)=(4^3+3^3) Numbers that are the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in ,n, distinct ways have been dubbed ",taxicab numbers,". The number was also found in one of Ramanujan's notebooks dated years before the incident, and was noted by ,Frénicle de Bessy, in 1657. The same expression defines 1729 as the first in the sequence of "Fermat near misses" (sequence ,A050794, in the ,OEIS,) defined as numbers of the form 1 + ,z^3 which, are also expressible as the sum of two other cubes. 15. ,1233, 8833, 5882353: ,These are the only three numbers within first 10000000 natural numbers which shows the following property 1233=( 12^2)+(33^2), 8833=(88^2)+(33^2) and 5882353=(588^2)+(2353^2) 16. ,5949:, The longest game of chess can last for these many number of moves. 17: 111,111,111: square of these number is a very interesting number 12345678987654321. 18. 36363636364: the square of this number gives 1322314049613223140496 19. ,9^(9^9): ,this number may initially seem to be like poison less snake,small in size but let me tell you this is the greatest number that one can make by using three digits and if you read the next few lines your jaw is surely going to drop. It can be shown that this number has about ‘369693100’ digits. Now assuming there can be 50 digits per line and 40 lines per page ,in order to write this number one will need at least 184 volumes of books, each containing 1000 pages and furthermore yet another volume containing about 847 pages 20. ,6,28,496,8128: ,these are the first four perfect numbers and the only four perfect numbers within first 10000000 natural numbers. A number is called a perfect number if it equals the sum of all it's divisors (except the number itself). However you will be surprised to know that the next perfect number takes a huge jump which is 33550336. 21. ,10!: ,10! Which is 3628800 if taken in seconds is exactly 6 weeks . 22.( ,1/89): ,you all probably know that this fraction has a speaciality. It encodes the entire Fibonacci series. But the next fact that I am going to share will probably be unknown to you . Have a look. The spiral shapes of sunflowers follow a Fibonacci sequence,. 23. ,145,40585: ,These two numbers are the 'only number's where the sum of the factorial of each digit equals the number itself. 145=1!+4!+5! And 40585= 4!+0!+5!+8!+5!. Now let me share with you some interesting facts at random 1)Collectively speaking, humans have spent longer playing World of Warcraft (over 6 million years) than we have existed as a species separate from chimpanzees. 2) A dog has the same ecological footprint as two Toyota Landcruisers; a has cat the same environmental effect as a Volkswagen Golf; two hamsters the same as a plasma TV. 3) In 1251, Henry III was given a polar bear by the king of Norway. He kept it in the Tower of London, on a long chain so that it could swim in the Thames. 4) In 1971, a Romanian by the name of Dr. Corneliu Giurgea coined the term “nootropics”, which are drugs that enhance brain function. Brain supplements that contain nootropics are now a $2bn market worldwide. Particular brain supplements such as ,Cogniflex, are the market leaders and have even been dubbed as “limitless pills”. 5) Until the 1960′s, the only reliable pregnancy test was to inject a woman’s urine into a female African clawed frog. If the woman was pregnant, the frog would ovulate within 12 hours. 6) About 65 billion neutrinos will pass through your fingernail in a second 7) If all the LEGO bricks ever manufactured were clipped on top of one another, they would make a tower ten times as high as the distance to the Moon. 8) Light would take .13 seconds to travel around the Earth. 9) If you drilled a tunnel straight through the Earth and jumped in, it would take you exactly 42 minutes and 12 seconds to get to the other side. 10) A medium-sized cumulus cloud weighs about the same as 80 elephants. 11) A single bolt of lightning contains enough energy to cook 100,000 pieces of toast. 12) There are 8 times as many atoms in a teaspoonful of water as there are teaspoonfuls of water in the Atlantic ocean. 13) If the Sun were the size of a beach ball then Jupiter would be the size of a golf ball and the Earth would be as small as a pea. 14) The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the world in a lifetime. 15) The caffeine industry has been on a downturn for the past decade at a rate of .7% reduction in demand annually, mostly due to higher demand in energy drinks and introductions of brain pills such as ,optimind,. 16) If you could drive your car straight up you would arrive in space in just over an hour. 17) More germs are transferred shaking hands than kissing. 18) The human brain takes in 11 million bits of information every second but is aware of only 40. 19) A red blood cell can make a complete circuit of your body in 20 seconds. 20) The strongest creatures on Earth are gonorrhea bacteria. They can pull 100,000 times their own body weight. 21) One in ten European babies is conceived in an IKEA bed. (Not much science in this one, but funny enough to know :)) 22) The average person accidentally eats 430 bugs each year of their life 23) There are more living organisms on the skin of each human than there are humans on the surface of the earth. 24) Each person sheds 40 lbs of skin in his or her lifetime. 25) Males produce one thousand sperm cells each second – 86 million each day. 26) One in every 2000 babies is born with a tooth. 27) Human saliva contains a painkiller called opiorphin that is six times more powerful than morphine. 28) Girls have more taste buds than boys. 29) When a flea jumps, the rate of acceleration is 20 times that of the space shuttle during launch. 30) Gorillas and potatoes have two more chromosomes than humans do. 31) A pig’s orgasm lasts for 30 minutes. 32) Koalas sleep an average of 22 hours a day, two hours more than the sloth. 33) The African Elephant gestates for 22 months. 34) A dog’s sense of smell is 1,000 times more sensitive than a humans. 35) Octopuses have three hearts. 36) At over 2000 kilometres long The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on Earth. 37) The name of the first human being in the Norse mythology is Ask 38) The Queen is the legal owner of one-sixth of the Earth’s land surface 39) As it grows, sweet corn makes a squeaking noise like two balloons rubbing against each other. 40) Wounds infested with maggots heal quickly and without spread of gangrene or other infection. (IT’S JUST A MASK IN THE PICTURE!) 41) Biologically speaking, bugs are insects that “suck”. 42) If the 5 trillion spiders in Netherlands took to eating humans rather than insects, they’d consume all 16.7 million Dutch people just in three days. Now some interesting facts about famous personalities: 1),You all know Newton ,right. No you probably don't. Because there was someone else with the name 'Isaac Newton’. Guess who. It's none other than his own ,father,. Yes, you saw it right, sir Isaac Newton's father's name was also Isaac Newton. 2)Do you know why is the logo of the world famous car manufacturing company Lamborghini this It's because the man after whom it is named ,Feruccio Lamborghini's zodiac sign was taurus 3) Leonardo da Vinci was dyslexic and he often wrote backwards 4) Einstein could not tie his shoe laces and was born on 14 March a date having a bit of relation with pie Now it's time to share with you some facts of recent times. 1)spider with a hat: ,two researchers Javed Ahmed and Rajashree Khalap were in search of unknown species in the habitats of Shivamogga district , Karnataka and this is what they have come up with ,that has not only amazed them but will amaze you too. They have found a spider with a hat . You will like it more if you are an avid follower of Harry Potter.Have a look at it Named after the true owner of the sorting hat Godric Gryffindor,the species was named ,Eriovixia, ,gryffindori. ,Their findings were presented vin the Indian Journal of Arachnology in its December issue. 2)Dr. Sergio Canavero: An Italian neurosurgeon and neuroscientist who aims to create history and revolutionize the branch of neuroscience through his experiments. Dr Sergio Canavero plans to do the first human head transplant next year His team now plan to conduct 'Frankenstein' tests using human corpses They will use electricity to stimulate the nerves in dead bodies after first cutting and then reconnecting the spinal cord as a test of their technique Russian man who has volunteered to have the first transplant has also revealed that his girlfriend is opposed to him having the operation A controversial neurosurgeon who wants to carry out the first human head transplant has outlined plans to conduct 'Frankenstein' experiments to reanimate human corpses to test his technique. Dr Sergio Canavero, director of the Turin Advanced Neuromodulation Group, and his collaborators believe they may be able to conduct the first human head transplant next year.They have outlined plans to test whether it is possible to reconnect the spinal cord of a head to another body with tests that will ,stimulate the nervous system in fresh human corpses with electrical pulses,. However, the Russian man who has volunteered to have the first transplant has also revealed that his girlfriend is opposed to him having the operation. Meet that great man. The man on whom it will be first performed is this Hope he achieve success and bring about a revolution in neuroscience! 3) ,we can now listen to stars:, we all like to look up at the night sky and see the stars isn't it? But have you ever thought how it would have been if we were able to listen to them? Yes, that would have been amazing,right. And it is going to be true. The landmark discovery of the first direct evidence of gravitational waves or ripples in space time, who Einstein predicted CA century ago, will enable mankind to listen to the stars and not just see them,scientists say. In a breakthrough announcement scientists from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory(LIGO) said that they have finally detected the elusive gravitational waves ,the ripples in the fabric of space time. Studying gravitational waves will push Einstein's general theory of relativity to its limits,while revolutionising our understanding of the most violent events in the universe, according to researchers at MIT. Analysis of the waves suggests that they originated from a system of two black holes, each with the mass of about 30 suns, that gravitationally drew closer to each other. The frequency of these waves that LIGO is designed to catch are actually in the audible range for humans. Accordingly, the signal LIGO received of the black hole merger was played on speakers . “ For this binary black hole system, it made a distinctive , rising 'whooooop' sound”, said Matthew Evans, an assistant professor at MIT, suggesting that we can now not only see stars but listen to them as well! Thanks for reading.
Why does the DSG from Volkswagen suffer from reliability issues?
Before getting into the reliability issues of DSG gearbox let's know what actually the DSG gearbox is? The Germans call it Doppelkupplungsgetriebe, but everybody else who doesn't join three words into one calls it the Direct Shift Gearbox, or DSG for short. Many car companies have started to use double clutch gearboxes on mainstream cars these days, following the lead set by the Audi TT and the Mk4 Golf R way back in the early 2000s. For example, Korean car company Hyundai plans to introduce a 7-speed unit on models like the i30 and Veloster. Both Ford and Renault offer a 6-speed unit under the names PowerShift and EDC (Efficient Double Clutch), while Fiat and Alfa Romeo call it a TCT (Twin Clutch Transmission). Even Lamborghini was forced to adopt this tech, a 7-speed twin being added to the Huracan supercar – LDF, which is short for Lamborghini Doppia Frizione. Volkswagen, the company that first decided one clutch was not enough, is also moving the game forwards. It has recently revealed a brand new 10-speed unit it says will go into production cars soon. Details are limited, but the unit is engineered to take up to 550 Nm of torque, which is what you get from a V6 engine or a very highly tuned 2-liter diesel these days. So, why is everybody going crazy and deciding two clutches are now necessary? To answer that question, we need to look at the needs of people who don't want to work the clutch. For years, the market was split between conventional automatics with torque converters, CVTs and single-clutch autos. All had their advantages and disadvantages. The auto was smooth but slow to react and thirsty, the CVT was efficient but weird to use and the single-clutch automated manual was jerky and unresponsive. The first people to ask themselves "but what if we took a manual gearbox and gave it two clutches" were Porsche. They developed it for their famous racing prototypes and eventually brought it into production as the gearbox we know today as the PDK. To put it simply, all twin-clutch gearboxes work by separating the odd and even gears on individual shafts. So you have gears 1, 3, 5 and 7 on one clutch and 2, 4 and 6 on the other. The whole thing works a bit like one of those Russian helicopters with coaxial blades. . So, why is everybody going crazy and deciding two clutches are now necessary? To answer that question, we need to look at the needs of people who don't want to work the clutch. For years, the market was split between conventional automatics with torque converters, CVTs and single-clutch autos. All had their advantages and disadvantages. The auto was smooth but slow to react and thirsty, the CVT was efficient but weird to use and the single-clutch automated manual was jerky and unresponsive. The first people to ask themselves "but what if we took a manual gearbox and gave it two clutches" were Porsche. They developed it for their famous racing prototypes and eventually brought it into production as the gearbox we know today as the PDK. To put it simply, all twin-clutch gearboxes work by separating the odd and even gears on individual shafts. So you have gears 1, 3, 5 and 7 on one clutch and 2, 4 and 6 on the other. The whole thing works a bit like one of those Russian helicopters with coaxial blades. The advantage is that whichever gear you want to go to, up or down, it's already available on the other clutch. The mecatronic unit disengages one clutch and pushes in the other one in one movement with almost instantaneous shifts happening. When launched in 2003, the DSG gearbox was much faster than conventional automatics and because it worked just like a normal manual, it was significantly more fuel efficient than a conventional automatic with a torque converter. DQ250 The first series production DSG gearbox came out in 2003. It went into the Golf R32. Audi had already launched the TT coupe based on the same platform and it decided a 3.2-liter V6 and a clever gearbox would be great for boosting sales. At that time, Audi used the DSG moniker, but subsequently changed it to S tronic. The gearbox was developed by BorgWarner and built by the VW Group's Kassel factory located in the heart of Germany. The DQ250 can take up to around 350 Nm of torque, is mainly paired to 2-liter turbo engines and weighs 90 kg (200 lb) in front-wheel drive applications, so slightly more than a manual. If you own a Golf GTI, an Audi A3 with a 6-speed S tronic or a Skoda Octavia with a big engine, chances are it's one of those. DQ200 More widely known as the 7-speed DSG gearbox, the DQ200 is different to the original BorgWarner unit. Instead of a submerged multi-plate clutch pack, this uses two single-plate dry clutches. From the start, it was designed for lower torque applications and because it's also fitted to smaller cars, it needed to be lighter as well. The DQ200 usually takes up to 250 Nm of torque from VW's 1.6-liter diesel or around 170 Nm from the 1.2 TSI. It weighs 70 kilograms (150 lbs) and as far as we know, it's never been used on anything other than front-wheel drive cars. Since its launch in 2008, the unit has found its way into two generations of VW Golf and one of the Polo, plus sister cars from SEAT (Ibiza and Leon), Skoda (Fabia II and III, Octavia II and III) and Audi (A1 and A3). DQ500 In January 2009, six years after the original DSG, Volkswagen group came out with the pinnacle of twin-clutch tech, the DQ500. At that time it was heralded as the world’s only seven-speed transverse-mounted gearbox for high torques that is in large-scale series production. It was expected to go into every large VW model starting with the next generations of the Transporter and Multivan. Even then, engineers were thinking of something that could deal with a turbocharged 2.0L biturbo TDI. Yes, it did go into the Passat, the Tiguan 177 PS diesel and the T5. However, its star role is in the Audi TT-RS and the subsequent RS Q3, both of which use a 2.5-liter TFSI turbo. The 10-speed DSG Codenamed DQ511, the new DSG gearbox with 10 speeds is mechanically similar to the DQ500. Besides improving fuel consumption, the extra gears offer one major advantage. The gearbox feels more open, in that the difference between the highest and the lowest ratio is wide. Because they are closer in drive ratio, there's less jumpiness when shifting, which some owners have complained about in the past. Just like the DQ500, the two multi-plate clutches are bathed in oil, though the lubricant reaches a lower level and has reduced viscosity, which improves efficiency. The VW DSG Transmission- Reliability:- Dual Clutch Wear and Tear An unavoidable aspect of any clutch system is that it will wear down over time. It is designed with this in mind, as the whole purpose of the clutch is to “slip” in order to provide a smooth transition between gear ratios. The new dry clutch assembly in the DSG DQ200 is much more akin to a regular manual transmission clutch than the previous DQ250 wet clutch. It’s important to note that, though the DQ200 dual clutch assembly may look a lot like a manual clutch, changing one is not as simple a process. It requires special tools and a certain procedure that, if done incorrectly, will damage the new clutch, and can even damage the transmission itself. Due to the expense of the clutch assembly and the technicalities of fitting it, some manufacturers will only sell these clutches to fitters that have passed a course and are qualified to fit them. Electro-Hydraulic Control Unit Failure This is the separate hydraulic system mentioned above. It contains all the mechanics necessary for controlling the shift forks that engage the gears themselves, as well as the computer does all the “thinking” for the gearbox. It is located on the side of the transmission—which is towards the front of the vehicle when fitted—and is a self-contained unit, meaning it can be removed entirely and replaced without having to dismantle any part of it. The mechatronic can be replaced within the module itself, however this is an involved task and requires manufacturer-specific diagnostic capabilities. If the electronic component fails, unfortunately, it can manifest in a number of ways as it is responsible for all the actions that take place in the transmission during use. Failsafe will be the most likely outward symptom, but some diagnostic hardware will be required to get any more information as to why. An easier to diagnose fault is a relatively common problem with the pump inside of the hydraulic control unit. This fault will often result in little or no drive, failsafe mode, and quite often the unit will spit hydraulic fluid out of the breather on top. This fluid is distinctive from regular transmission fluid due to the fact that it is green. The main fault code associated with this problem references “Pump Play Protection”. Fortunately, this problem can be repaired by a specialist, or the entire unit can be replaced entirely. It would need to be the whole unit, however, as the fault involves more than just the electronic component. As with the clutch assembly, this is not a task to undertake without the right tools and expertise. The transmission needs to put into a specific configuration before removing the unit, and the unit itself needs to be in that same configuration before being fitted back onto the transmission. Failure to do so can result in breaking the unit, or the transmission simply not working. The transmission can be set to the correct configuration for removal of the control module using diagnostic tools, however if such tools are not available, it can also be done manually. Be warned, however, it is impossible to see if everything is lined up correctly once the unit is lifted into place. In short, make very sure everything is set correctly before fitting, because you won’t be able to verify if you’ve done it right until you try and drive the vehicle and find you’re missing gears. Here is a video description of how VW parts fail and it includes DSG component failure. How VW Parts Fail: 7-Speed DSG Mechatronic:- And that’s it. There really aren’t that many common faults for the 7 speed DQ200 DSG transmission, and one of those faults is a simple and unavoidable matter of wear and tear. All in all, that’s not bad for an automatic transmission.
What is the most interesting fact that you know and I don't, but I should?
In 1251, Henry III was given a polar bear by the king of Norway. He kept it in the Tower of London, on a long chain so that it could swim in the Thames. Until the 1960′s, the only reliable pregnancy test was to inject a woman’s urine into a female African clawed frog. If the woman was pregnant, the frog would ovulate within 12 hours. A dog has the same ecological footprint as two Toyota Landcruisers, a cat the same environmental effect as a Volkswagen car, two hamsters the same as a plasma TV. About 65 billion neutrinos will pass through your fingernail in a second. If all the LEGO bricks ever manufactured were clipped on top of one another, they would make a tower ten times as high as the distance to the Moon. Light would take 0.13 seconds to travel around the Earth. If you drilled a tunnel straight through the Earth and jumped in, it would take you exactly 42 minutes and 12 seconds to get to the other side. A medium-sized cumulus cloud weighs about the same as 80 elephants. A single bolt of lightning contains enough energy to cook 100,000 pieces of toast. There are 8 times as many atoms in a teaspoonful of water as there are teaspoonfuls of water in the Atlantic ocean. If the Sun were the size of a beach ball then Jupiter would be the size of a golf ball and the Earth would be as small as a pea. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the world in a lifetime. If you could drive your car straight up you would arrive in space in just over an hour. More germs are transferred shaking hands than kissing. The human brain takes in 11 million bits of information every second but is aware of only 40. A red blood cell can make a complete circuit of your body in 20 seconds. The strongest creatures on Earth are gonorrhea bacteria. They can pull 100,000 times their own body weight. The average person accidentally eats 430 bugs each year of their life. There are more living organisms on the skin of each human than there are humans on the surface of the earth. Each person sheds 40 lbs of skin in his or her lifetime. One in every 2000 babies is born with a tooth. Males produce one thousand sperm cells each second – 86 million each day. Human saliva contains a painkiller called opiorphin that is six times more powerful than morphine. Gorillas and potatoes have two more chromosomes than humans do. Koalas sleep an average of 22 hours a day, two hours more than the sloth. The African Elephant gestates for 22 months. A dog’s sense of smell is 1,000 times more sensitive than a humans. Octopuses have three hearts. The name of the first human being in the Norse mythology is Ask. If the 5 trillion spiders in Netherlands took to eating humans rather than eating insects , they'd consume all 16.7 million Dutch people in just three days. Source :,https://urbantimes.co/2014/05/40-interesting-science-facts-that-will-blow-your-socks-off/
volkswagen golf iii Related FAQs
Is Volkswagen Golf available in Parking Sensor Front?
Yes, Volkswagen Golf is available in Parking Sensor Front. The available Parking Sensor Front variants are: 2018 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI R-Line, 2018 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI Sportline.
What is the Cruise Control of Volkswagen Golf?
Here are the Cruise Control and variants of Volkswagen Golf:
Variants 2018 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI R-Line Cruise Control Y Does Volkswagen Golf has Parking Sensor Front?
Yes, Volkswagen Golf has Parking Sensor Front, which are: 2018 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI R-Line, 2018 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI Sportline.
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