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toyota fortuner slogan Post Review
@Uber_Col pido un Uber black me confirman una Toyota Fortuner RIT530 y el conductor me llega en un renault logan, como un Uber X. Esta bien?
CARROCERIA TOYOTA FORTUNER, KAVAK RENAULT LOGAN, CLIO, SYMBOL... LLAMEN CUANDO QUIERAN SOMOS TIENDA FISICA SALUDOS. (0212) 4290805 / 6183107
@TodoMotorVe HONDA CIVIC 74 RENAULT LOGAN TOYOTA FORTUNER TOYOTA FORTUNER
#EnVenta Toyota Fortuner 4x2 año 2007, 87.000 km, Bs. 2.350.000,00 / Renault Logan año 2009, 150.000… http://t.co/QmgzHLAyN8
The world is mine, bener2 slogan yg cocok untuk toyota fortuner. Welcome to the home white one
@Slogan_88 @lavozdigital_py no es la hummer, más parece una camioneta Toyota Fortuner
: TOYOTA Fortuner diesel 2009; Mazda doblecabina 2010; Hilux diesel 2008, 2009; Aveo 2010; Laser 2007; Logan 2... http://t.co/4RuMOEJx0Y
Se vendé Renault Logan 2009 y Toyota Fortuner 2007 #venezuela #caracas #venta #vendo #carro #camioneta http://t.co/5tqnlNtCOA
@carrocolombiano Si sale con los consumos del antecesor logan exclusive automático, con autonomía de 28 kilómetros por galón tenaz eso lo anda la toyota fortuner a gasolina 2700 cc
kenapa slogan Toyota Fortuner The world is mine? I karena bodinya bongsor tapi ga ada tenaganya, jadi ga bisa lari trus ngalangin jalan :)
toyota fortuner slogan Q&A Review
If car brands had honest slogans, what are some examples of what they would be?
Thanks for the awesome question : ,Netra Shah,. I will not mention all the car brands, will talk about only popular brands in India. Mercedes, : Whenever in India, someone wants luxury car, I am their first choice. But first talk to my monthly mantainence. BMW, : We are the option you consider when you don't want mercedes. But you know our looks. Audi / Lamborghini / ferrari, : Punjabi songs are our buisness. Maruti Suzuki ,: We rule the Indian automobile industry, with our low cost vehicles and our customers don't care about safety, milleage matters more. Hyundai, : We are the luxury of middle class Indians and we prove them right. Toyota, : What will you buy : Innova or fortuner ? Honda, : Honda City brought the trend of sedans to India. Kia, : Badass and most trending. Renault / Nissan, : No one cares for us. Jeep, : We have other cars too except compass. Mini Cooper, : We are bigger than go kart. Volkswagen, : We own the best car companies and our polo rules hatchbacks. Lexus, : what is sound ? Aston Martin, : James Bond isn't enough. Tesla, : We are not the only one who make electric cars. Porsche, : Don't call 911. Pagani / Koinigsegg ,: we make fast cars too. Bugatti, : We aren't fastest anymore. Fiat, : We were kings earlier but now our sub brand ferrari has more customers than us. MG, : We are Chinese also, not British only. Our hector brought competition to creta. Datsun, : Ready to flop. Mitsubishi, : Pajero and lancer were more flop than our company. Isuzu, : We don't get the sales we deserve. Force, : Tempo Traveller, Thar > Gurkha Ambassador, : Older than your grandfather. Citroën, : C5 aircross will bring some competition. Volvo, : We started the safety features in cars but people prefer mercedes over us. Ford, : Our cars are beast : Ecosport and Endeavour but we met the same fate as Chevrolet. Chevrolet, : We left. Mahindra, : Our trucks are better than cars. Thar is an exception. Skoda : Indians ignore us like hell. Rolls Royce/ Bentley, : You think you can beat us in luxury, lol, noob. Tata, : Everything suits us; Sir Ratan Tata. Jaguar, : our roaring performance is luxury. Land Rover, : we have off-roading vehicles with safety. If I forgot any brand, tell in comments, I will answer.
What would be the summary of the politics of India from 1947 to today?
Independent India's first election was in the winter of 1951. Until then, the Constituent assembly elected in 1946 served as the Parliament. It was a closer affair with just 1800 people contesting for 489 MP seats [less than 4 people per seat on an average]. Nehru won comfortably - taking 364 of the 489 seats, although he won only 44% of the total votes. There was the first sign of a strong socialism - with the 3 top socialist/communist parties winning nearly 20% of the total votes. The same trend continued for the next two elections - 1957 & 1962. Congress won about 45% in each elections and communist groups won 20%. The revolution of 1967: Until 1967, Congress had a near total control over in both state and national politics. While the Praja Socialist party took power in Kerala in 1954, Congress still dominated most of India. However, the death of Nehru and Shastri would loosen the grip of Congress. It would happen from many causes. One reason is that Indira Gandhi called early elections for the Lok Sabha and thus separated the electoral synochronization between the centre and state. Until then, the elections both at the nation and at the regional level were conducted at the same time. This gave more room for national issues. However, by removing this relationship, it allowed much more parochial and caste wise issues to affect the regional level. We are still seeing some of the effects now. In 1965, the Indian Constitution's protection for English was to end. The Constitution framers negotiated for 15 years of parallel usage of English & Hindi and that 15 years from the enactment of the constitution was to end (1950-65). Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri initially hesitated to continue the protection and that engulfed South India - ,Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu,. (See more: ,What are the short-term and long-term effects of the anti-Hindi protests in Tamil Nadu? Have they been an advantage or a disadvantage for the people as a whole?,) Out of nowhere, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam under CN Annadurai took power in 1967, fully leveraging the anti-Hindi agitations. Since then, Congress and national parties of India were never able to win in Tamil Nadu. (See more: ,Why does it seem that it is only in Tamilnadu that devotion to leaders reaches fanatical levels?,) In the same year, Congress also lost grip on West Bengal. The lack of speed in land reforms brought out a big communist unrest (Naxalbari revolution) and also broke up Congress in the state to form ,the Bangla Congress, which formed a government with the Communists. With a decade after that, Congress would be completely bundled away from the state. In 1967, Punjab had Akali Dal taking power. In Uttar Pradesh, Charan Singh led Bharatiya Kranti Dal took power. As a result of all the regional parties arising in various parts of India, Indira Gandhi barely managed a majority in 1967 winning only 283 seats. Breakup of Congress & Left Shift Congress was already breaking in 1967 and there were huge differences between the left wing and the right wing of the party. The establishment under Kamaraj initially threw out Indira, but with the power of the rising left wing Indira came back to power under her new party ,Indian National Congress (R),. Since Indira had the support of the socialists and need to pander to them, she brought a variety of leftie moves such as nationalizing all the banks & a closer cooperation with the Soviet Union. Panic set among Indian industrialists and for two decades the Indian private sector would not recover. Indira won a thumping victory in 1971. Emergency period Indira seemed to get a hang of things with a resounding victory over Pakistan in 1971, bursting the Pokhran bomb and supporting the green revolution. However, her past ,karma ,caught up with her. The Allahabad High Court nullified the election of Indira Gandhi over a trifling issue (of having a slightly high rostrum during a rally) and prevented her from standing in elections for a while. The lady got angry and put India through a very bleak state that got the outsiders to assume that the democracy was over. Fortunately, it was not. (See more: ,Chapter 9: The First Female Dictator) In 1977 elections happened and Indira was voted out. India got out of Congress for the first time. The hodgepodge of left and right won 345 of the 543 seats. Before they could celebrate, their internal rivalries got the best of them and the coalition collapsed. Indira was back, baby. Flirting with terrorism After coming back to power in 1979, Indira focused more on issues like terrorism. Indira had some success in this in the Bangladeshi liberation movement. But, she got too carried away on what she could do. She fomented Sikh terrorism through a complex political play. Eventually, she paid price with her own life. (See more: ,What was Operation Blue Star?,) She also fomented the Tamil separatism by training the Lankan tigers that eventually got her son's life. (See more: ,What was India's initial role in the formation of the LTTE? Did India ever provide support to the LTTE? How have India's strategic interests changed over time since Indira Gandhi?,) After Indira was assassinated in 1984 by her Sikh bodyguards, her party presided over a national pogrom butchering Sikhs everywhere. Her son, Rajiv Gandhi, won an election in a landslide through sympathy. On the 1-10 scale of inexperience and incompetence, Rajiv scored 20. He fumbled on a range of issues from the Bhopal disaster to causing the rise of Kashmiri separatism in 1987, Babri masjid breaking and Indian Peacekeeping force. (See more: ,Rajiv Gandhi: India's Worst Prime Minister,) Evolution of Regional Politics Starting from the 1960s, various regional parties started getting quite powerful in India. Northeast Politics: , In the case of Northeast, a lot of political movements had their origins in grassroots social movements to protect the identity. The parties are often split along ethnic/tribal/linguistic lines. The need to protect the tribal, linguistic and cultural identities are strongest in this region. In 1961, the Bengali movement in the Barak valley fought hard against making Assamese the sole official language of the state. After much agitations various parts of erstwhile Assam were made into their own states formed along ethnic lines. Many tribal groups, such as the Bodos, are still demanding statehood for their tribes. In many of the states in Northeast India, the government alternates between Congress and a regional rival such as the United Democratic Party (Meghalaya), Sikkim Democratic Front, Mizo National Front, Manipur People's Party, Nagaland People's Front and Asom Gana Parishad. Tripura is traditionally a communist bastion and Arunachal Pradesh is mostly is a Congress bastion. In most states, the leaders keep changing often with not many established demagogues. Sikkim is one exception where the incumbent Pawan Kumar Chamling has been holding his ship since 1994 with no one to challenge. There is a heavy influence of socialism/communism among the political parties. The region experiences a large inflow of migrants of different groups: Bengali Muslims - Mostly from Bangladesh making use of the long porous border with India. They often end up as agricultural laborers. Bengali Hindus - Both from Bangladesh as well as West Bengal, this group often dominates the service sector. Marwari Hindus from various parts of India who compete in trade and commerce. The resulting unemployment and cultural cleansing thus makes it a very touchy issue. Many regional parties such as the Asom Gana Parishad made their mark by whipping the anti-outsider sentiment. Key issues that are unique to northeast politics are: Managing migrations. The indigeneous tribes often feel threatened by the migration of plains people, especially the Bengalis. Fighting separatism. The region has the most number of separatist groups in India. The region borders 5 different countries and that makes policing quite hard. Many political groups had long fought to secede from India and a lot of them have significantly pacified now. But, tensions remain. The nature of special provisions provided to the armed forces. Protecting the various tribal practices. The region is among the most diverse in India. Religious conversions. Various tribes such as the Nagas and Mizos have mostly converted to Christianity through a major evangelical push a century ago. This had led to tensions with tribes following indigenous religions. ,Western Politics:, India's western state politics is often dominated by religious issues. The western states bore the biggest brunt of India's partition in 1947 and thus religious tensions run very high. There are plenty of Hindu refugees from Pakistan who are passionately pro-BJP. Other than Shiv Sena, there are no viable regional parties in the entire Western region. In the case of Maharashtra, although Congress dominated the state politics for the most part, the regional party of Shiv Sena built around the same anti-outsider platform of many northeastern parties, often held sway over the western part of the state, especially the city of Mumbai. Gujarat's and Rajasthan's regional elections often mirrored the national elections. These states often held clues of where the nation would head politically. Congress won whenever it won the center and vice versa. However, since the arrival of Narendra Modi in 2001 Gujarat had become the safest one for BJP. Rajasthanis on the other hand, religious vote BJP and Congress in an alternative fashion in the recent 5 elections. Although Karnataka is geographically a part of the south, in politics it is more closer to western India. Unlike other southern states, national politics hold the sway in the state. Like Maharashtra and Gujarat, the state is often a key battleground between the Congress and the various Janata variants, including the present BJP. Politics of Kerala and West Bengal:, Although these states are 1000 kilometers apart, Kerala and West Bengal are similar in a lot of ways. From their passion for football to the domination of fish in their diet, these two states stand out in a lot of things from the rest of India. In case of politics, these are the two states that vote for the Communist Party. In the case of Kerala, the flirtation with Communism started soon after independence with the rise of the verteran socialist Pattom A. Thanu Pillai as the second Chief Minister of the state. Unions hold a very big sway over all political parties and the voters religious alternate between Communist Party and the Congress in every other election. There is not much to differentiate between the two, in this state. West Bengal politics is somewhat similar, although the voters didn't alternate between the two parties. Between 1977 and 2011, they voted for a single party - Communist Party of India (Marxist) and was often mocked by mainstream media as a communist republic. Long periods of past famines and the lack of speed in land reforms is one reason for people's supportfor leftist ideas. Politics of Hindi Heartland, This is the most populous part of India and dominates the national politcs. More than any other region, caste mathematics make a very strong influence on the politics here. Both the top national parties - Congress and BJP have had a strong presence here, although since the start of the new millenium, Congerss presence is waning. Thus, the recent contests were often fought between BJP and various local parties. Bihar had a very active political movement and along with the state of UP often decided the national politics. In return, the national government often had a strong grip on the state. However, as Congress started losing control over the Centre, the politcs of Bihar went on a roller coaster. In the period between 1968 and 1980, the state was constantly having elections with no party unable to form a stable government. In 1977, Bihar voted out Congress and since then the different variants of the Janata Party have been ruling the state. Both in the case of Bihar and UP, mindboggling alliances of different castes kept forming at opportune movements and turned the tide. Sometimes, the Dalits and Muslims will join hands to get to power, like in the case of Mayawati (former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh). Other times Brahmins, Muslims and extremely backward Dalits will join a coalition against Dalits and Other Backward Castes. This complex caste dynamic has often made it hard to predict electoral victories. In the case of UP, the added dynamic is the rise of "Ram politics" that we will see shortly. Religion plays a much bigger role in UP than it does in Bihar or Madhya Pradesh. Given that the state had a central role in both Hindu epics as well as Mughal empire, it becomes a strongly contended territory between Hindus and Muslims. Politics of North India , Like in the south and northeast, regional parties are quite strong. Jammu & Kashmir is dominated by National Conference, which was instrumental in getting the state to integrate with India. Between 1990 and 1996, the state was directly ruled by the Central government in the heights of insurgency. The Centre argued that the state is incapable of managing law and order. It was among the longest use of the special powers provided by the Indian Constitution. Just like in the case of northeast, Punjab politics was often driven by identity and there is a constant switch between Congress and the regional party of Akali Dal. In 1966, Indira Gandhi rewarded the Sikhs with their own state following the 1965 war. This was a long agitation as the Sikhs felt disfrenchaised in an united Punjab with majority Hindus. The resulting split created the state of Haryana. In the 1970s and 1980s, the state went through a strong separatist movement, until the "super cop" KPS Gill brough the insurgency to an end in the early 1990s. The politics of Haryana was mostly dominated by the Congress which fought regional factions such as Haryana Vikas Party and Indian National Lok Dal. Like in the case of Bihar, caste politics do play a strong part. Since about 2012, the state political climate is radically chaging both due to the influence of neighboring New Delhi and a total disappointment with state politicians. In a surprising show in the October 2014 elections, BJP formed the government. Politics of South India & Orissa, The three distinguishing characteristics of politics in this region are: Very strong dynastic rule, especially in Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Very strong identity towards that state. State/linguistic identity is much stronger than ethnic, caste, tribal and religious identities. Given the strong state level patriotism, the push towards development is a little strong although Orissa and Andhra suffer from a deeply forested interior. In the case of Orissa, the politics was dominated by two rival Patnaik families - one of late Biju Patnaik and other of JB Patnaik. In the case of Tamil Nadu, the politics switched between the Karunanidhi clan and the MGR clan. In the case of Andhra Pradesh, the family of late NT Rama Rao hold a big sway. In all the southern states linguistic passions run very high and primary identity is through the language. ,Age of Coalitions After Rajiv absolutely screwed both India and his party in the 1989 elections, a hodgepodge of left and right came to power. The new government brought the OBC politics to the table and signals the rise of a new political power center. The controversy created out of ,Mandal Commission, broke the coalition and Congress was back to power in 1991. This time, finally we had a guy who is not a member of the Nehru family. India did well in the economy as Narasimha Rao led the country well, especially the first 3 years of his term. The last two years, he was too engrossed in the various scams that eventually took his legacy apart. (See more: ,What was it like to witness the 1991 economic reforms in India?,) In 1996 election, yet another group of third parties came to power and yet another time they failed in 2 years. Rise of BJP For a long time, BJP was in the shadows of its parent organization, RSS (National Volunteers Organization). Its organization was mostly run by some hardcore nationalists who were extremely poor in media management. They often gave outlandish, stupid statements and let the media paint them as crackheads. They found it very hard to utilize the public distrust for the Congress party. In the late 1980s, they got real big push from an unexpected source: ,a TV series on Ramayana. In 1987, Indian TV had its biggest blockbuster - Ramanand Sagar's TV adoption of Asia's famed epic - ,Ramayan,. The roaring success of the TV series brought "Lord Ram" into the households of the educated middle class, which for a while seemed to move completely out of religion. BJP leader Advani lost no time in running a "chariot" atop his Toyota van all over the nation. India was in "Ram frenzy". In late 1992, they used the frenzy to demolish a dilapidated old mosque in the holy city of Ayodhya. Although, the mosque demolition brought temporary backlash against them, by 1996 they became the single largest party in the Parliament using the leadership of moderate Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 1998, it came to power and lost no time in taking India nuclear. In the following year, they were able to withstand a war against Pakistan over the Kashmiri town named Kargil. Nationalism was at its peak and the liberal Atal Bihari Vajpayee took India to one of the longest period of growth. By 2004, Indian economy was among the hottest in the world. BJP gets carried away & Congress is back In 2004 BJP appeared a juggernaut. They delivered growth, won wars and the nation was fairly peaceful. However, a big riot in Gujarat in 2002 that involved various BJP leaders was a big black mark for them. More importantly, the leadership was too confident of their victory and went overboard with their ads. While India was fast growing, a lot of Indians were still poor. Many of them were taken aback by the ad campaign and this opened the door for the old devil. Congress leadership, now under Indira's daughter-in-law Sonia Gandhi seemed to finally fix its leadership trouble. It narrowly won the elections. Sonia appointed a dummy figure head in Dr. Manmohan Singh to avoid bringing controversies about her own past (naturalized citizen who didn't take up citizenship at the first opportunity). India did a fairly good job in 2004-09 timeframe and people voted them back in 2009, this time with a much bigger margin. Later, a whole lot of massive scams like the 2G spectrum was unearthed and the anti-incumbency factor set in. Rise of Modi In 2014, BJP finally had a leader who was able to work the media well. Until Modi's time, almost all media were anti-BJP for the most part. BJP and RSS were often clueless in talking to the media and thus repelled many of their target voters. Modi was adept in the art of media management and forced both BJP and RSS to not give out loose statements. The media tried really hard to bait him to give out self-defeating statements, but Modi was too smart for them. Everyone in RSS and their sister organizations knew that he was the winning horse and all decks were cleared to help Modi in every way. Modi's rise has reversed a 3 decade trend towards regional politics. Regional parties like DMK, SP, BSP and ADMK were punching well above their league and the trend since 2014 May elections seems to be moving the other way regional satraps. Key Political Slogans Econo centric Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan ,[Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer] - In the midst of the 1965 war with Pakistan, the Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri coined this slogan to improve the moral. It is to highlight the two critical aspects of Indian society - the farmers who were reeling from a series of famines and soldiers who were fighting an endless stream of major wars in the early part of 1960s [with Portugal, China and Pakistan]. Congress made use of the slogan in the 1967 elections. ,Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan ,[Hail the soldier, farmer and the sciences] - In 1998, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee made an update to Shastri's slogan by adding the sciences part. India tested the nuclear device and there was a high level of nationalism in that period with nuclear & defense tech forming a significant part of people's discussions. Garibi Hato ,[Abolish Poverty] - In 1971, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi created this catchy slogan to indicate her priority. India was going through its worst economic period and there was a significant pain among the poor all over India. India had turned clearly socialist by then and politicians of all stripe shifted left. The slogan captures that trend. All said, there was very little of poverty abolishing in that era. India Shining - ,In 2004, the ruling BJP government went on the complete opposite of Indira's slogan. India had turned right by then and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee wanted to utilize the general sense of euphoria that followed a period of brisk economic growth. However, they declared victory too soon. While India started to shine, it was a long way from actually shining. It spooked the poor and Vajpayee lost the elections. Congress ka Haath, Aam Aadmi ke Saath ,[The Hand symbol of Congress will always protect the common man] In 2004, Congress was desperate for a misstep by the BJP and they got one with "India Shining". Congress reminded the people that poverty still exists and the party would fight for the proverbial "common man". Leader centric Indira Hatao Desh Bachao, [Remove Indira; Save the nation], - ,In 1977, Indian society was slowly emerging from the political horror show of Emergency. There was a very real fear that India would follow the autocratic ways of its neighbors. At this critical juncture, veteran politican JP Narayanan coined this slogan and won the election. Ek sherni, sau langur ,[One Tigress, hundred monkeys] - In 1978 byelections in the sounthern constituency of Chikmagalur, Indira was staging a comeback. She was highlighting her bravery and played the victim card of how she was surrounded now. She also explicitly called out the confusing politics at the centre as the anti-Indira coalition found themselves in a pickle - with little common between them. Jab Tak Suraj Chand Rahega, Indira Tera Naam Rahega ,[As long as the Sun is shining, Indira's name would live] - In 1984, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi wanted rode the sympathy wave following Indira Gandhi's assassination. India was not used to political assassinations and the only major one before that was the 1948 assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Thus, people were in a state of shock and the Congress party completely milked the sympathy with a historic majority. Indira's name was everywhere. S,abko Dekha Bari Bari, Abki Bari Atal Bihari ,[We have seen everyone. Now, it's the turn of Atal Bihari] - In 1996, there was a strong anti-incumbency trend. India has had a variety of coalition governments in the previous 7 years and there was an electoral fatigue. BJP wanted to make use of the clean image of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The plan almost worked with the BJP emerging as the largest party in the Parliament. However, its government lasted a mere 13 days and had to wait 2 years to form a stable government. Jancha, Parkha, Khara ,[Tried, Tested, Trusted] In the 1999 elections, Prime Minister Vajpayee ran against Rajiv's widow Sonia Gandhi. He wanted to highlight his experience against the greenhorn Ms. Gandhi. People trusted enough to send him with a much bigger majority than they gave a year ago. He completed the full term without much fuss - a rarity in that era. Ab ki baar, Modi Sarkar ,[This time, it's Modi's turn] - In 2014, Modi's campaign primarily centered around him and his leadership credentials. This level of leader-centrism is unusual even in a persona-centric Indian politics. The slogan and the campaign was a roaring success. Social issues centric Ondre Kulam, oruvane thevan ,[Mankind is one. God is One] - In the 1967 elections, CN Annadurai broke away from the athiestic Dravidian movement to adopt the slogan of the Tamil religious saint, Maraimalai adigalar. There was a strong anti-caste stream in the first part of the slogan, while the second part of the slogan disrepudiated Periyar's anti-God movement. The slogan eventually took Tamilnadu firmly into Dravidian politics. Tilak, taraju aur talwar, Inko maaro joote chaar ,[Hit the Brahmins, Banias and Rajputs with shoes] In the 1990s, UP leader Mayawati brought the most casteist slogan of all by going explicitly at the top 3 categories of the Hindu caste system. She rode to power by galvanizing the lower caste votes. Maa, Mati, Manush ,[Mother, Motherland and Mankind] - In the 2009 elections in West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee ran with this slogan that portrayed her credentials as the proverbial mother fighting to save the state from the Communists. A few other top female politicians like Jayalalalitha Jayaram of Tamilnadu also use the sentimental value of the mother. Jai Telangana [Long live Telengana] ,- One of the longest running statehood movements culminated in 2014 with the creation of the separate state of Telengana formed out of the erstwhile Hyderabad state. It was among the most passionate movements in India with the supporters writing the slogan even on answers sheets in school examinations. ,Key Issues that influence election outcomes Inflation - ,In 1998, the price of onion shot up to Rs.40/kg [approx. $1/kg at that time] in many parts of India. The ruling BJP lost Delhi. In 2003, Congress lost the states of Rajasthan, Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh for the same reason. Indian voters are very sensitive to the prices of essential commodities like onion and these often decide outcomes in state elections. Corruption - ,Since about the early 1980s, scams and corruption have come to the centrestage in political campaigns. In 1989, Congress lost from a historic majority in the previous elections due to the Bofors scam among many other issues. In 1996, Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao amidst a range of of scams such as money laundering Hawala scam. In 2014, a range of scams led by the spectrum auction destroyed the Congress campaign.
What are some cool and lesser-known facts about Volkswagen cars?
Joseph Stalin's Offer! In 1932 Joseph Stalin, the dictator of Soviet Union at that time, invited Ferdinand Porshe, the creator of VW, to the Soviet Union and offered him the post of General Director of developement of the Soviet auto industry and promised all the luxuries along with unlimited funds. Porshe refused the offer because of the fact that how could he undertake such a massive task when he didn't even knew the language the people spoke there. It is also argued that he rejected the offer since the European Grand Prix circuit did not extend to Communist Russia and he still loved to race his own cars on the track!! Hitler's Vision and Beetle Hitler was heavily inspired by the success of Ford in USA and wanted to copy the feat in Germany. So he gave Ferdinand Porsche the responsibility to transform his dream into reality. Volkswagen literally means “,Car of the People,”,. ,He also sketched the first design of the Beetle! Here is the sketch. “Strength Through Joy' The Beetle was originally going to be called ,KdF wagon ,were KdF is an abbreviation for “Kraft durch Freude” which literally translated into “Strength through Joy”. KdF was a large scale state operated leisure organisation in Germany. Its aim was to reduce the class divide by making middle-class leisure activities available for the masses after the brutal economic slump of the 1920s. These state sponsored activities include concerts, plays, holidays, etc. Beetle was also part of this vision. This is a picture of Gymnastics in KdF from wikipedia. Subsidiaries It's transportation subsidiaries includes some famous names like - Audi Bentley Bugatti Ducati Ducati Corse Lamborghini (yes, that's right!!) MAN SE Neoplan Porsche Sania SEAT Skoda Auto Volkswagen Marine Volkswagen commercial vehicles It has also got subsidiaries in financial services and logistics! Fortune 500 Due to the Diesel Emissions Testing scandal the company faced a 12% drop in its revenue. In spite of this it remained the top Auto mobile company in the Fortune 500, ,list narrowly beating Toyota. It is currently ranked ,7th ,in 2016 compared to 8th in 2015 with a revenue of $236.6 billion. It is predicted that Toyota will reclaim it's top spot next year which is currently on the 8th position with a revenue of $236.59 billion (That's Narrow!!). Change of Slogan!! Yes you heard it right! Some people might not have noticed but it's famous slogan “Das Auto” which meant “the car” has been scrapped off. The new international slogan is simply ,“Volkswagen” ,whose meaning I have already discussed. This step was taken by the VW in an effort to give the company a fresh start in 2016 after the embarrassment it faced the previous year due to its large scale Dieselgate scam!! Source- Volkswagen - Wikipedia, and
What are the little known things about some famous logos?
Toyota, In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to “Toyota” from the family name “Toyoda.” It was believed that the new name sounded better and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo no longer is found on its vehicles but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan. The current Toyota logo consists of the name “TOYOTA” in roman type with three ovals in red and white color scheme. ‘The two perpendicular center ovals represent a relationship of mutual trust between the customer and Toyota. These ovals combine to symbolize the letter “T” for Toyota. The space in the background implies a global expansion of Toyota’s technology and unlimited potential for the future. The logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990. Starbucks, Designed by Terry Heckler of Heckler Associates, the iconic mermaid that beckons coffee drinkers was based of a classic 15th century Norse woodcut of the mythical siren. The hardy yet feminine look was perfect for the Pacific Northwest local. Evoking the local lumber industry’s history in the area coupled with an inviting face, the logo was a perfect fit. In 2006, Valerie O’Neil, a Starbucks spokeswoman, said that the logo is an image of a “twin-tailed siren”. The logo has been significantly streamlined over the years. In the first version, which was based on a 16th-century “Norse” woodcut, the Starbucks siren was topless and had a fully visible double fish tail. The image also had a rough visual texture and has been likened to a melusine. In the second version, which was used from 1987–92, her breasts were covered by her flowing hair, but her navel was still visible. The fish tail was cropped slightly, and the primary color was changed from brown to green, a nod to Bowker’s Alma Mater, the University of San Francisco. In the third version, used between 1992 and 2011, her navel and breasts are not visible at all, and only vestiges remain of the fish tails. The original “woodcut” logo has been moved to the Starbucks’ Headquarters in Seattle. ,Nokia, Nokia Corporation has been in the telecommunications business since the 1960s and has become a global leader of the industry. The name of the town of Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning sable, later pine marten. “Nokia” in Finnish means means a dark, furry animal we now call the Pine Marten weasel. However, this has little to do with the current business and brand image. The origin of the company name, can rather be attributed to the setting up of the wood pulp mill (set up by Knut Fredrik Idestam), on the banks of Nokianvirta river in the town of Nokia. ,Rolls Royce, The Rolls Royce logo consisting of the two Rs or the double R clearly stands for the Rolls and Royce, the two founders of this car manufacturing company. There is nothing special about the design of the logo, but the brand name is so strong, the logo looks special. Although not used with the Rolls Royce logo, “The Spirit of Ecstacy” or “The Flying Lady” is also an important element of Rolls Royce. It was designed by Charles Sykes as a statue to embellish Rolls Royce cars. The mascot was commissioned by Claude Johnson to ‘counteract a craze among motorists for fixing golliwogs, toy policemen and other unseemly objects to their cars’. ,Wal-Mart, This Logo was used from 1962-1964. The Wal-Mart name was presented in just about every font style available to the printer. In 1964 the logo changed to a more westren theme. This logo was used from 1964-1981 and was known as the “Frontier Font Logo”. It was the first to be used officially. Walmart is probably one of the few companies, who have tried so many logos, but their current logo is more like the original logo, other than any other intermediate logo. The font differs a little from the original and is indeed more stylish, but the ‘Walmart’ word without a break appears for the first time after 1962. They have kept the star from 1992, but moved it to the end. ,Pepsi, The Pepsi Globe is the name of the logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling “red, white, & blue” design in a sphere-like shape. It is considered one of the world’s most recognizable corporate trademarks. Until the 2008 redesign, the Pepsi Globe resembled the Taegeuk symbol widely used in South Korea. The new Pepsi logo consists of a three-dimensional globe against an ice blue background, with the inclusion of the previously designed Pepsi typeface. It has been the official Pepsi logo of PepsiCo, till date. Over the past century, the, Pepsi logo, has been evolved into remarkable designs with significant modifications. All in all, Pepsi logo is an exemplary piece of creativity and innovation. No doubt, it is one of the most recognized logos, ever. ,Apple, The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 by Ronald Wayne, sometimes referred to as the third co-founder of Apple. The logo depicts Isaac Newton sitting under a tree, an apple dangling precipitously above his head. The phrase on the outside border reads,”Newton… A Mind Forever Voyaging Through Strange Seas of Thought … Alone.” The Newton logo was short-lived, as designer Rob Janoff right away changed the logo into the familiar apple shape with a bite off its right side. This version is adorned with multiple colors, the familiar colors in the rainbow. Janoff’s motivations for the logo revamp have been a subject of several speculations. Some people think that the shift to the apple design was to make it more appropriate for the company name. Others think of it as a more fitting tribute to Newton and his discovery of the colors and gravity. The rainbow colored apple may have been an advertisement for the color capabilities of the second computer produced by the company, Apple II. There are also people who think that the apple symbolizes Alan Turning – the father of modern computing – who took a bite out of an apple poisoned with cyanide that ultimately took his life. For the last few years, the Apple logo has appeared in various colors (aqua color scheme was famous among all). But now Apple has discontinued the use of bright colors in the Apple logo, instead opting for white and raw-aluminum color schemes. The polished chrome logo seems to fit ideally. The silvery chrome finish in the new Apple logo is consistent with the design scheme and freshens up the icon. ,Mercedes Benz, It is said that the logo is supposed to symbolize Daimler’s ambition of universal motorization – on land, on water and in the air. Over the years, various small additions were made. In 1916, the points were surrounded by a circle, in which four small stars and the word Mercedes were integrated, or alternatively the names of the DMG plants at Untertürkheim or Berlin-Marienfelde. ,Adidas, The 3-Stripes mark is without doubt the quintessential adidas symbol. It was created by the adidas company founder, Adi Dassler, and first used on footwear in 1949.Dassler created a symbol that could be immediately recognized when his footwear was used in athletic competition and associated with adidas. He emphasized the association with the slogan “The Brand with the 3 Stripes”. The 3-Stripes were first used on apparel in 1967. The 3-Stripes now enjoy worldwide recognition as an adidas symbol. In the late 60s adidas expanded into the leisure and apparel sector, and this prompted Käthe and Adi Dassler to seek a new, additional identification mark for the adidas brand. In August 1971, the Trefoil was born, out of more than 100 ideas. Inspired by the 3-Stripes, it is a geometric execution with a triple intersection, symbolizing the diversity of the adidas brand. This symbol was first used on adidas products in 1972, and later became the company’s corporate symbol. Today it plays the important role of representing the adidas Originals collection. In January 1996, the Three-Stripes brandmark became the worldwide adidas corporate logo. This logo represents performance and the future of the adidas brand. This logo is used in all advertising, printed collateral and corporate signage. ,Audi, The company is named after name the surname of its founder, August Horsh, originally the creator of Horsh and is now a part of the Volkswagen group (which holds more than 99% of the share capital), following Audi’s merger with NSU. Audi AG has a logo of four rings that overlap each other one after the other. Each ring stands for each trademark or brand of the Auto Union. The four brands that the four rings in the logo reflect are Audi AG itself, DKW, Horch and Wanderer respective to the order of the rings. Audi AG’s insignia closely bears a resemblance to the International Olympics’ insignia. ,Nike, The Nike “Swoosh” is a design created in 1971 by Carolyn Davidson, a graphic design student at Portland State University. She met Phil Knight while he was teaching accounting classes and she started doing some freelance work for his company, Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). BRS needed a new brand for a new line of athletic footwear it was preparing to introduce in 1972. Knight approached Davidson for design ideas, and she agreed to provide them, charging a rate of $2 per hour. In June 1971, Davidson presented a number of design options to Knight and other BRS executives, and they ultimately selected the mark now known globally as the Swoosh. Davidson submitted a bill for $35 for her work. (In 1983, Knight gave Davidson a gold Swoosh ring and an envelope filled with Nike stock to express his gratitude.). The Nike SWOOSH logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek Goddess of victory, Nike, who was the source of inspiration for many great and courageous warriors. According to legends, a Greek would say, “,When we go to battle and win, we say it is Nike,.” Originally, the mark was referred to as ‘the strip’ but was later changed to ‘Swoosh’ to describe the fibers used in Nike shoes. In the spring of 1972, the first shoe with the Nike SWOOSH Logo was introduced. Courtesy: ,Little Known Facts About Some of The Most Popular Logos in the World
Why marketing is the key to success?
There's a Slogan out there, called - ,“Fake it, Till You Make It”, Marketing, works with that philosophy. Most of the claims & promises are made on abstract criterias, which can vary subjectively. That's one of the primary reasons why the ability to sell, is one of the most sought after qualities. The wealthiest in the world are Great salespeople. Let's discuss on a case study basis, suppose you have something to sell such as - your product, service, talent or property, now the primary factor that determines the sellability of your product is your marketing skills, it doesn't have to do anything with product quality. You'll always find buyers for your product irrespective of the price/quality, but convincing people that yes your product is better or different than the lot…is the KEY! Taking one real life example- Few, ,days back, one of my friends wanted to know that who's the best Cardiologist in town. Now “BEST” is a subjective term, it varies person to person. What I was able to do is get a list of experienced Cardiologists available in town, but my friend wanted my opinion regarding whom he shall pay a visit. So I gave my recommendation. What influenced that? Has operated on more cases. More years in the field. Better Feedback from patients. Now, I am nobody to compare their prowess & I'm dead sure that all of them posses somewhat comparable acumen in the field. What more can influence someone's opinion? Other's opinion. ,Touts & middlemen are everywhere. It's kind of a self-sustaining ecosystem. Once you have visited the chamber the product is sold, which in a Doctor's case is the service. It doesn't matter whether you were satisfied with the experience, but the target is fulfilled. How will you form your opinion? Surely you won't visit another Doctor for a re-checkup. Even if you did, You won't be visiting every other Cardiologist in Town & finally decide who was the best. You cannot do that because primarily you are a Layman who doesn't know the required criterias for judging & secondarily it'll definitely break your Bank balance. That's where Marketing comes into action, your communication skills, your connections, your ability to sell your talent. What's the relation of success with Marketing? Better Marketing will ensure more patients, that will generate better income. Is Money everything? Do we gauge success with our Bank Balance? Success is a relative term but money is a by-product of success. It doesn't matter whether you earn it or somebody else earns it because of you. If you are successful, you'll atleast be economically stable. More money will ensure better standards of living & social security. This would help you in two ways- No worries about fundamental needs & you can focus on your profession. Access to Better Equipments, Better Facilities & Better Resources all of which requires money. By investing on you, you'll be setting yourself apart from the crowd & all of this would contribute to your success. Finding Alternate sources of Income & routing the excess wealth into avenues like Trading, Investment, Real Estate, etc. Now going a bit off topic— The mistake that most people make is that, after saving up a sizeable amount of wealth, they build lavish properties, buy expensive cars, technology, etc. The thing is that the value of all these stuff deteriorates drastically over the years. A new Toyota Fortuner starts at approx 30 Lakhs, add taxes to that, fuel costs, maintenance, etc. After 10 years if you want to sell it, it will get you somewhere around 8–10 Lakhs. Moreover it's a liability, it's security & maintenance will be your headache. Alternatively, if you just simply had invested on some standard SIP mutual funds or Shares of a stable company. That 30 lakhs after 10 years, would have an evaluation of 80lakhs—2Crores depending on the performance of the market & your skills of investment. So, can we estimate the losses here? Here's the approximate overview— Car Price Rs 30 Lakhs + another 10–15 lakhs on taxes, maintenance, fuel for next 10 years. So, 45 Lakhs. After 10 years, the estimated value will be, 10 Lakhs (Say) Loss of 35 Lakhs. But wait a minute, what if the person had made a wiser decision instead? Then the approximate evaluation of his investment would've been — ,80 Lakhs- 2 Crores. Net Profit of 50 Lakhs-1.7 Crores approximately. So, the person who had bought the car, ,Suffers losses of approximately— 35+( 50 to 170) lakhs, that's 85 Lakhs- 2.05 Crores. But wait a minute, should someone never buy stuff with deteriorating value? No, even if one wants to buy, it should not exceed 5–10% of their annual income. Otherwise, it'll only be a loss deal in the long term. Majority of your income should be used to generate more money, not on ,bling-bling. Better options are always there, say- Renting Cars, Uber, Ola, etc. No liabilities, no maintenance cost, You just pay for your needed travel. You can choose the level of luxury you want. On a tight budget a Swift will do the Job & on a bright sunny day you might want to experience some Supercar stuff, choices will always be there for you. The cost of all the rental services for the span of 10 years will not exceed 10–15Lakhs( normally). So what's the calculation here?, On the investment of 30 Lakhs, the net profit after deducting the alternative rental & public services that you've used will stand at : 35—165 Lakhs,. The calculations given in the off topic area is what differentiates between ,People who want to look/feel rich, & ,People who go on to become the movers & shakers of this world. ,Not Everyone is expected to understand this & it's natural. Indulging in opulent & vulgar display of wealth ( in most cases not earned by oneself) is a very addictive drug. But again, Successful Marketing requires a minimum level of Professionalism & Sophistication, which needs a bit of the aesthetic, dazzling persona. However, it shouldn't be taken to extreme proportions. Marketing can only grab attention for a short span & will give you a bigger Headstart. At the end of the day, your hardwork & capabilities will speak volumes. A positive word of mouth is the best type of Marketing & on the long term it can never be influenced by false tricks. That along with the points mentioned above is the key to Success. Thanks!
What are some of the most interesting little-known things? For example: fast food restaurant ketchup cups are expandable.
Toyota In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to “Toyota” from the family name “Toyoda.” It was believed that the new name sounded better and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo no longer is found on its vehicles but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan. The current Toyota logo consists of the name “TOYOTA” in roman type with three ovals in red and white color scheme. ‘The two perpendicular center ovals represent a relationship of mutual trust between the customer and Toyota. These ovals combine to symbolize the letter “T” for Toyota. The space in the background implies a global expansion of Toyota’s technology and unlimited potential for the future. The logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990.,Starbucks Designed by Terry Heckler of Heckler Associates, the iconic mermaid that beckons coffee drinkers was based of a classic 15th century Norse woodcut of the mythical siren. The hardy yet feminine look was perfect for the Pacific Northwest local. Evoking the local lumber industry’s history in the area coupled with an inviting face, the logo was a perfect fit. In 2006, Valerie O’Neil, a Starbucks spokeswoman, said that the logo is an image of a “twin-tailed siren”. The logo has been significantly streamlined over the years. In the first version, which was based on a 16th-century “Norse” woodcut, the Starbucks siren was topless and had a fully visible double fish tail. The image also had a rough visual texture and has been likened to a melusine. In the second version, which was used from 1987–92, her breasts were covered by her flowing hair, but her navel was still visible. The fish tail was cropped slightly, and the primary color was changed from brown to green, a nod to Bowker’s Alma Mater, the University of San Francisco. In the third version, used between 1992 and 2011, her navel and breasts are not visible at all, and only vestiges remain of the fish tails. The original “woodcut” logo has been moved to the Starbucks’ Headquarters in Seattle.,Nokia Nokia Corporation has been in the telecommunications business since the 1960s and has become a global leader of the industry. The name of the town of Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning sable, later pine marten. “Nokia” in Finnish means means a dark, furry animal we now call the Pine Marten weasel. However, this has little to do with the current business and brand image. The origin of the company name, can rather be attributed to the setting up of the wood pulp mill (set up by Knut Fredrik Idestam), on the banks of Nokianvirta river in the town of Nokia.,Rolls Royce The Rolls Royce logo consisting of the two Rs or the double R clearly stands for the Rolls and Royce, the two founders of this car manufacturing company. There is nothing special about the design of the logo, but the brand name is so strong, the logo looks special. Although not used with the Rolls Royce logo, “The Spirit of Ecstacy” or “The Flying Lady” is also an important element of Rolls Royce. It was designed by Charles Sykes as a statue to embellish Rolls Royce cars. The mascot was commissioned by Claude Johnson to ‘counteract a craze among motorists for fixing golliwogs, toy policemen and other unseemly objects to their cars’.,Wal-Mart This Logo was used from 1962-1964. The Wal-Mart name was presented in just about every font style available to the printer. In 1964 the logo changed to a more westren theme. This logo was used from 1964-1981 and was known as the “Frontier Font Logo”. It was the first to be used officially. Walmart is probably one of the few companies, who have tried so many logos, but their current logo is more like the original logo, other than any other intermediate logo. The font differs a little from the original and is indeed more stylish, but the ‘Walmart’ word without a break appears for the first time after 1962. They have kept the star from 1992, but moved it to the end.,Pepsi The Pepsi Globe is the name of the logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling “red, white, & blue” design in a sphere-like shape. It is considered one of the world’s most recognizable corporate trademarks. Until the 2008 redesign, the Pepsi Globe resembled the Taegeuk symbol widely used in South Korea. The new Pepsi logo consists of a three-dimensional globe against an ice blue background, with the inclusion of the previously designed Pepsi typeface. It has been the official Pepsi logo of PepsiCo, till date. Over the past century, the, Pepsi logo, has been evolved into remarkable designs with significant modifications. All in all, Pepsi logo is an exemplary piece of creativity and innovation. No doubt, it is one of the most recognized logos, ever.,Apple The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 by Ronald Wayne, sometimes referred to as the third co-founder of Apple. The logo depicts Isaac Newton sitting under a tree, an apple dangling precipitously above his head. The phrase on the outside border reads,”Newton… A Mind Forever Voyaging Through Strange Seas of Thought … Alone.” The Newton logo was short-lived, as designer Rob Janoff right away changed the logo into the familiar apple shape with a bite off its right side. This version is adorned with multiple colors, the familiar colors in the rainbow. Janoff’s motivations for the logo revamp have been a subject of several speculations. Some people think that the shift to the apple design was to make it more appropriate for the company name. Others think of it as a more fitting tribute to Newton and his discovery of the colors and gravity. The rainbow colored apple may have been an advertisement for the color capabilities of the second computer produced by the company, Apple II. There are also people who think that the apple symbolizes Alan Turning – the father of modern computing – who took a bite out of an apple poisoned with cyanide that ultimately took his life. For the last few years, the Apple logo has appeared in various colors (aqua color scheme was famous among all). But now Apple has discontinued the use of bright colors in the Apple logo, instead opting for white and raw-aluminum color schemes. The polished chrome logo seems to fit ideally. The silvery chrome finish in the new Apple logo is consistent with the design scheme and freshens up the icon.,Mercedes Benz It is said that the logo is supposed to symbolize Daimler’s ambition of universal motorization – on land, on water and in the air. Over the years, various small additions were made. In 1916, the points were surrounded by a circle, in which four small stars and the word Mercedes were integrated, or alternatively the names of the DMG plants at Untertürkheim or Berlin-Marienfelde.,Adidas The 3-Stripes mark is without doubt the quintessential adidas symbol. It was created by the adidas company founder, Adi Dassler, and first used on footwear in 1949.Dassler created a symbol that could be immediately recognized when his footwear was used in athletic competition and associated with adidas. He emphasized the association with the slogan “The Brand with the 3 Stripes”. The 3-Stripes were first used on apparel in 1967. The 3-Stripes now enjoy worldwide recognition as an adidas symbol. In the late 60s adidas expanded into the leisure and apparel sector, and this prompted Käthe and Adi Dassler to seek a new, additional identification mark for the adidas brand. In August 1971, the Trefoil was born, out of more than 100 ideas. Inspired by the 3-Stripes, it is a geometric execution with a triple intersection, symbolizing the diversity of the adidas brand. This symbol was first used on adidas products in 1972, and later became the company’s corporate symbol. Today it plays the important role of representing the adidas Originals collection. In January 1996, the Three-Stripes brandmark became the worldwide adidas corporate logo. This logo represents performance and the future of the adidas brand. This logo is used in all advertising, printed collateral and corporate signage.,Audi The company is named after name the surname of its founder, August Horsh, originally the creator of Horsh and is now a part of the Volkswagen group (which holds more than 99% of the share capital), following Audi’s merger with NSU. Audi AG has a logo of four rings that overlap each other one after the other. Each ring stands for each trademark or brand of the Auto Union. The four brands that the four rings in the logo reflect are Audi AG itself, DKW, Horch and Wanderer respective to the order of the rings. Audi AG’s insignia closely bears a resemblance to the International Olympics’ insignia.,Nike The Nike “Swoosh” is a design created in 1971 by Carolyn Davidson, a graphic design student at Portland State University. She met Phil Knight while he was teaching accounting classes and she started doing some freelance work for his company, Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). BRS needed a new brand for a new line of athletic footwear it was preparing to introduce in 1972. Knight approached Davidson for design ideas, and she agreed to provide them, charging a rate of $2 per hour. In June 1971, Davidson presented a number of design options to Knight and other BRS executives, and they ultimately selected the mark now known globally as the Swoosh. Davidson submitted a bill for $35 for her work. (In 1983, Knight gave Davidson a gold Swoosh ring and an envelope filled with Nike stock to express his gratitude.). The Nike SWOOSH logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek Goddess of victory, Nike, who was the source of inspiration for many great and courageous warriors. According to legends, a Greek would say, “,When we go to battle and win, we say it is Nike,.” Originally, the mark was referred to as ‘the strip’ but was later changed to ‘Swoosh’ to describe the fibers used in Nike shoes. In the spring of 1972, the first shoe with the Nike SWOOSH Logo was introduced.
Design: What logos include hidden messages in their design?
Every ,logo, has its own history and sometimes little known facts which the consumer doesn’t know. Some ,logo designs, such as the Starbucks logo looks so strange that most viewers are asking what the logo designer was thinking about and how did the company accepted that image. Well, if you look closer and do a little research you’ll find out that many of them are filled with stories or symbols which interpreted right, will tell the user a lot of interesting things. In this article you can see some the evolution of some popular logos, how did they appear and what is their signification. Toyota In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to “Toyota” from the family name “Toyoda.” It was believed that the new name sounded better and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo no longer is found on its vehicles but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan. The current Toyota logo consists of the name “TOYOTA” in roman type with three ovals in red and white color scheme. ‘The two perpendicular center ovals represent a relationship of mutual trust between the customer and Toyota. These ovals combine to symbolize the letter “T” for Toyota. The space in the background implies a global expansion of Toyota’s technology and unlimited potential for the future. The logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990. Starbucks Designed by Terry Heckler of Heckler Associates, the iconic mermaid that beckons coffee drinkers was based of a classic 15th century Norse woodcut of the mythical siren. The hardy yet feminine look was perfect for the Pacific Northwest local. Evoking the local lumber industry’s history in the area coupled with an inviting face, the logo was a perfect fit. In 2006, Valerie O’Neil, a Starbucks spokeswoman, said that the logo is an image of a “twin-tailed siren”. The logo has been significantly streamlined over the years. In the first version, which was based on a 16th-century “Norse” woodcut, the Starbucks siren was topless and had a fully visible double fish tail. The image also had a rough visual texture and has been likened to a melusine. In the second version, which was used from 1987–92, her breasts were covered by her flowing hair, but her navel was still visible. The fish tail was cropped slightly, and the primary color was changed from brown to green, a nod to Bowker’s Alma Mater, the University of San Francisco. In the third version, used between 1992 and 2011, her navel and breasts are not visible at all, and only vestiges remain of the fish tails. The original “woodcut” logo has been moved to the Starbucks’ Headquarters in Seattle. Nokia Nokia Corporation has been in the telecommunications business since the 1960s and has become a global leader of the industry. The name of the town of Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning sable, later pine marten. “Nokia” in Finnish means means a dark, furry animal we now call the Pine Marten weasel. However, this has little to do with the current business and brand image. The origin of the company name, can rather be attributed to the setting up of the wood pulp mill (set up by Knut Fredrik Idestam), on the banks of Nokianvirta river in the town of Nokia. Rolls Royce The Rolls Royce logo consisting of the two Rs or the double R clearly stands for the Rolls and Royce, the two founders of this car manufacturing company. There is nothing special about the design of the logo, but the brand name is so strong, the logo looks special. Although not used with the Rolls Royce logo, “The Spirit of Ecstacy” or “The Flying Lady” is also an important element of Rolls Royce. It was designed by Charles Sykes as a statue to embellish Rolls Royce cars. The mascot was commissioned by Claude Johnson to ‘counteract a craze among motorists for fixing golliwogs, toy policemen and other unseemly objects to their cars’. Wal-Mart This Logo was used from 1962-1964. The Wal-Mart name was presented in just about every font style available to the printer. In 1964 the logo changed to a more westren theme. This logo was used from 1964-1981 and was known as the “Frontier Font Logo”. It was the first to be used officially. Walmart is probably one of the few companies, who have tried so many logos, but their current logo is more like the original logo, other than any other intermediate logo. The font differs a little from the original and is indeed more stylish, but the ‘Walmart’ word without a break appears for the first time after 1962. They have kept the star from 1992, but moved it to the end. Pepsi The Pepsi Globe is the name of the logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling “red, white, & blue” design in a sphere-like shape. It is considered one of the world’s most recognizable corporate trademarks. Until the 2008 redesign, the Pepsi Globe resembled the Taegeuk symbol widely used in South Korea. The new Pepsi logo consists of a three-dimensional globe against an ice blue background, with the inclusion of the previously designed Pepsi typeface. It has been the official Pepsi logo of PepsiCo, till date. Over the past century, the, Pepsi logo, has been evolved into remarkable designs with significant modifications. All in all, Pepsi logo is an exemplary piece of creativity and innovation. No doubt, it is one of the most recognized logos, ever. Apple The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 by Ronald Wayne, sometimes referred to as the third co-founder of Apple. The logo depicts Isaac Newton sitting under a tree, an apple dangling precipitously above his head. The phrase on the outside border reads,”Newton… A Mind Forever Voyaging Through Strange Seas of Thought … Alone.” The Newton logo was short-lived, as designer Rob Janoff right away changed the logo into the familiar apple shape with a bite off its right side. This version is adorned with multiple colors, the familiar colors in the rainbow. Janoff’s motivations for the logo revamp have been a subject of several speculations. Some people think that the shift to the apple design was to make it more appropriate for the company name. Others think of it as a more fitting tribute to Newton and his discovery of the colors and gravity. The rainbow colored apple may have been an advertisement for the color capabilities of the second computer produced by the company, Apple II. There are also people who think that the apple symbolizes Alan Turning – the father of modern computing – who took a bite out of an apple poisoned with cyanide that ultimately took his life. For the last few years, the Apple logo has appeared in various colors (aqua color scheme was famous among all). But now Apple has discontinued the use of bright colors in the Apple logo, instead opting for white and raw-aluminum color schemes. The polished chrome logo seems to fit ideally. The silvery chrome finish in the new Apple logo is consistent with the design scheme and freshens up the icon. Mercedes Benz It is said that the logo is supposed to symbolize Daimler’s ambition of universal motorization – on land, on water and in the air. Over the years, various small additions were made. In 1916, the points were surrounded by a circle, in which four small stars and the word Mercedes were integrated, or alternatively the names of the DMG plants at Untertürkheim or Berlin-Marienfelde. Adidas The 3-Stripes mark is without doubt the quintessential adidas symbol. It was created by the adidas company founder, Adi Dassler, and first used on footwear in 1949.Dassler created a symbol that could be immediately recognized when his footwear was used in athletic competition and associated with adidas. He emphasized the association with the slogan “The Brand with the 3 Stripes”. The 3-Stripes were first used on apparel in 1967. The 3-Stripes now enjoy worldwide recognition as an adidas symbol. In the late 60s adidas expanded into the leisure and apparel sector, and this prompted Käthe and Adi Dassler to seek a new, additional identification mark for the adidas brand. In August 1971, the Trefoil was born, out of more than 100 ideas. Inspired by the 3-Stripes, it is a geometric execution with a triple intersection, symbolizing the diversity of the adidas brand. This symbol was first used on adidas products in 1972, and later became the company’s corporate symbol. Today it plays the important role of representing the adidas Originals collection. In January 1996, the Three-Stripes brandmark became the worldwide adidas corporate logo. This logo represents performance and the future of the adidas brand. This logo is used in all advertising, printed collateral and corporate signage. Audi The company is named after name the surname of its founder, August Horsh, originally the creator of Horsh and is now a part of the Volkswagen group (which holds more than 99% of the share capital), following Audi’s merger with NSU. Audi AG has a logo of four rings that overlap each other one after the other. Each ring stands for each trademark or brand of the Auto Union. The four brands that the four rings in the logo reflect are Audi AG itself, DKW, Horch and Wanderer respective to the order of the rings. Audi AG’s insignia closely bears a resemblance to the International Olympics’ insignia. Nike The Nike “Swoosh” is a design created in 1971 by Carolyn Davidson, a graphic design student at Portland State University. She met Phil Knight while he was teaching accounting classes and she started doing some freelance work for his company, Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). BRS needed a new brand for a new line of athletic footwear it was preparing to introduce in 1972. Knight approached Davidson for design ideas, and she agreed to provide them, charging a rate of $2 per hour. In June 1971, Davidson presented a number of design options to Knight and other BRS executives, and they ultimately selected the mark now known globally as the Swoosh. Davidson submitted a bill for $35 for her work. (In 1983, Knight gave Davidson a gold Swoosh ring and an envelope filled with Nike stock to express his gratitude.). The Nike SWOOSH logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek Goddess of victory, Nike, who was the source of inspiration for many great and courageous warriors. According to legends, a Greek would say, “,When we go to battle and win, we say it is Nike,.” Originally, the mark was referred to as ‘the strip’ but was later changed to ‘Swoosh’ to describe the fibers used in Nike shoes. In the spring of 1972, the first shoe with the Nike SWOOSH Logo was introduced. Source: Top Design Magazine - Web Design and Digital Content -,Bogdon
How has India evolved politically after January 26, 1950?
Independent India's first election was in the winter of 1951. Until then, the Constituent assembly elected in 1946 served as the Parliament. It was a closer affair with just 1800 people contesting for 489 MP seats [less than 4 people per seat on an average]. Nehru won comfortably - taking 364 of the 489 seats, although he won only 44% of the total votes. There was the first sign of a strong socialism - with the 3 top socialist/communist parties winning nearly 20% of the total votes. The same trend continued for the next two elections - 1957 & 1962. Congress won about 45% in each elections and communist groups won 20%. The revolution of 1967: Until 1967, Congress had a near total control over in both state and national politics. While the Praja Socialist party took power in Kerala in 1954, Congress still dominated most of India. However, the death of Nehru and Shastri would loosen the grip of Congress. It would happen from many causes. One reason is that Indira Gandhi called early elections for the Lok Sabha and thus separated the electoral synochronization between the centre and state. Until then, the elections both at the nation and at the regional level were conducted at the same time. This gave more room for national issues. However, by removing this relationship, it allowed much more parochial and caste wise issues to affect the regional level. We are still seeing some of the effects now. In 1965, the Indian Constitution's protection for English was to end. The Constitution framers negotiated for 15 years of parallel usage of English & Hindi and that 15 years from the enactment of the constitution was to end (1950-65). Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri initially hesitated to continue the protection and that engulfed South India - ,Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu,. (See more: ,What are the short-term and long-term effects of the anti-Hindi protests in Tamil Nadu? Have they been an advantage or a disadvantage for the people as a whole?,) Out of nowhere, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam under CN Annadurai took power in 1967, fully leveraging the anti-Hindi agitations. Since then, Congress and national parties of India were never able to win in Tamil Nadu. (See more: ,Why does it seem that it is only in Tamilnadu that devotion to leaders reaches fanatical levels?,) In the same year, Congress also lost grip on West Bengal. The lack of speed in land reforms brought out a big communist unrest (Naxalbari revolution) and also broke up Congress in the state to form ,the Bangla Congress, which formed a government with the Communists. With a decade after that, Congress would be completely bundled away from the state. In 1967, Punjab had Akali Dal taking power. In Uttar Pradesh, Charan Singh led Bharatiya Kranti Dal took power. As a result of all the regional parties arising in various parts of India, Indira Gandhi barely managed a majority in 1967 winning only 283 seats. Breakup of Congress & Left Shift Congress was already breaking in 1967 and there were huge differences between the left wing and the right wing of the party. The establishment under Kamaraj initially threw out Indira, but with the power of the rising left wing Indira came back to power under her new party ,Indian National Congress (R),. Since Indira had the support of the socialists and need to pander to them, she brought a variety of leftie moves such as nationalizing all the banks & a closer cooperation with the Soviet Union. Panic set among Indian industrialists and for two decades the Indian private sector would not recover. Indira won a thumping victory in 1971. Emergency period Indira seemed to get a hang of things with a resounding victory over Pakistan in 1971, bursting the Pokhran bomb and supporting the green revolution. However, her past ,karma ,caught up with her. The Allahabad High Court nullified the election of Indira Gandhi over a trifling issue (of having a slightly high rostrum during a rally) and prevented her from standing in elections for a while. The lady got angry and put India through a very bleak state that got the outsiders to assume that the democracy was over. Fortunately, it was not. (See more: ,Chapter 9: The First Female Dictator) In 1977 elections happened and Indira was voted out. India got out of Congress for the first time. The hodgepodge of left and right won 345 of the 543 seats. Before they could celebrate, their internal rivalries got the best of them and the coalition collapsed. Indira was back, baby. Flirting with terrorism After coming back to power in 1979, Indira focused more on issues like terrorism. Indira had some success in this in the Bangladeshi liberation movement. But, she got too carried away on what she could do. She fomented Sikh terrorism through a complex political play. Eventually, she paid price with her own life. (See more: ,What was Operation Blue Star?,) She also fomented the Tamil separatism by training the Lankan tigers that eventually got her son's life. (See more: ,What was India's initial role in the formation of the LTTE? Did India ever provide support to the LTTE? How have India's strategic interests changed over time since Indira Gandhi?,) After Indira was assassinated in 1984 by her Sikh bodyguards, her party presided over a national pogrom butchering Sikhs everywhere. Her son, Rajiv Gandhi, won an election in a landslide through sympathy. On the 1-10 scale of inexperience and incompetence, Rajiv scored 20. He fumbled on a range of issues from the Bhopal disaster to causing the rise of Kashmiri separatism in 1987, Babri masjid breaking and Indian Peacekeeping force. (See more: ,Rajiv Gandhi: India's Worst Prime Minister,) Evolution of Regional Politics Starting from the 1960s, various regional parties started getting quite powerful in India. Northeast Politics: , In the case of Northeast, a lot of political movements had their origins in grassroots social movements to protect the identity. The parties are often split along ethnic/tribal/linguistic lines. The need to protect the tribal, linguistic and cultural identities are strongest in this region. In 1961, the Bengali movement in the Barak valley fought hard against making Assamese the sole official language of the state. After much agitations various parts of erstwhile Assam were made into their own states formed along ethnic lines. Many tribal groups, such as the Bodos, are still demanding statehood for their tribes. In many of the states in Northeast India, the government alternates between Congress and a regional rival such as the United Democratic Party (Meghalaya), Sikkim Democratic Front, Mizo National Front, Manipur People's Party, Nagaland People's Front and Asom Gana Parishad. Tripura is traditionally a communist bastion and Arunachal Pradesh is mostly is a Congress bastion. In most states, the leaders keep changing often with not many established demagogues. Sikkim is one exception where the incumbent Pawan Kumar Chamling has been holding his ship since 1994 with no one to challenge. There is a heavy influence of socialism/communism among the political parties. The region experiences a large inflow of migrants of different groups: Bengali Muslims - Mostly from Bangladesh making use of the long porous border with India. They often end up as agricultural laborers. Bengali Hindus - Both from Bangladesh as well as West Bengal, this group often dominates the service sector. Marwari Hindus from various parts of India who compete in trade and commerce. The resulting unemployment and cultural cleansing thus makes it a very touchy issue. Many regional parties such as the Asom Gana Parishad made their mark by whipping the anti-outsider sentiment. Key issues that are unique to northeast politics are: Managing migrations. The indigeneous tribes often feel threatened by the migration of plains people, especially the Bengalis. Fighting separatism. The region has the most number of separatist groups in India. The region borders 5 different countries and that makes policing quite hard. Many political groups had long fought to secede from India and a lot of them have significantly pacified now. But, tensions remain. The nature of special provisions provided to the armed forces. Protecting the various tribal practices. The region is among the most diverse in India. Religious conversions. Various tribes such as the Nagas and Mizos have mostly converted to Christianity through a major evangelical push a century ago. This had led to tensions with tribes following indigenous religions. Western Politics:, India's western state politics is often dominated by religious issues. The western states bore the biggest brunt of India's partition in 1947 and thus religious tensions run very high. There are plenty of Hindu refugees from Pakistan who are passionately pro-BJP. Other than Shiv Sena, there are no viable regional parties in the entire Western region. In the case of Maharashtra, although Congress dominated the state politics for the most part, the regional party of Shiv Sena built around the same anti-outsider platform of many northeastern parties, often held sway over the western part of the state, especially the city of Mumbai. Gujarat's and Rajasthan's regional elections often mirrored the national elections. These states often held clues of where the nation would head politically. Congress won whenever it won the center and vice versa. However, since the arrival of Narendra Modi in 2001 Gujarat had become the safest one for BJP. Rajasthanis on the other hand, religious vote BJP and Congress in an alternative fashion in the recent 5 elections. Although Karnataka is geographically a part of the south, in politics it is more closer to western India. Unlike other southern states, national politics hold the sway in the state. Like Maharashtra and Gujarat, the state is often a key battleground between the Congress and the various Janata variants, including the present BJP. Politics of Kerala and West Bengal:, Although these states are 1000 kilometers apart, Kerala and West Bengal are similar in a lot of ways. From their passion for football to the domination of fish in their diet, these two states stand out in a lot of things from the rest of India. In case of politics, these are the two states that vote for the Communist Party. In the case of Kerala, the flirtation with Communism started soon after independence with the rise of the verteran socialist Pattom A. Thanu Pillai as the second Chief Minister of the state. Unions hold a very big sway over all political parties and the voters religious alternate between Communist Party and the Congress in every other election. There is not much to differentiate between the two, in this state. West Bengal politics is somewhat similar, although the voters didn't alternate between the two parties. Between 1977 and 2011, they voted for a single party - Communist Party of India (Marxist) and was often mocked by mainstream media as a communist republic. Long periods of past famines and the lack of speed in land reforms is one reason for people's supportfor leftist ideas. Politics of Hindi Heartland, This is the most populous part of India and dominates the national politcs. More than any other region, caste mathematics make a very strong influence on the politics here. Both the top national parties - Congress and BJP have had a strong presence here, although since the start of the new millenium, Congerss presence is waning. Thus, the recent contests were often fought between BJP and various local parties. Bihar had a very active political movement and along with the state of UP often decided the national politics. In return, the national government often had a strong grip on the state. However, as Congress started losing control over the Centre, the politcs of Bihar went on a roller coaster. In the period between 1968 and 1980, the state was constantly having elections with no party unable to form a stable government. In 1977, Bihar voted out Congress and since then the different variants of the Janata Party have been ruling the state. Both in the case of Bihar and UP, mindboggling alliances of different castes kept forming at opportune movements and turned the tide. Sometimes, the Dalits and Muslims will join hands to get to power, like in the case of Mayawati (former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh). Other times Brahmins, Muslims and extremely backward Dalits will join a coalition against Dalits and Other Backward Castes. This complex caste dynamic has often made it hard to predict electoral victories. In the case of UP, the added dynamic is the rise of "Ram politics" that we will see shortly. Religion plays a much bigger role in UP than it does in Bihar or Madhya Pradesh. Given that the state had a central role in both Hindu epics as well as Mughal empire, it becomes a strongly contended territory between Hindus and Muslims. Politics of North India , Like in the south and northeast, regional parties are quite strong. Jammu & Kashmir is dominated by National Conference, which was instrumental in getting the state to integrate with India. Between 1990 and 1996, the state was directly ruled by the Central government in the heights of insurgency. The Centre argued that the state is incapable of managing law and order. It was among the longest use of the special powers provided by the Indian Constitution. Just like in the case of northeast, Punjab politics was often driven by identity and there is a constant switch between Congress and the regional party of Akali Dal. In 1966, Indira Gandhi rewarded the Sikhs with their own state following the 1965 war. This was a long agitation as the Sikhs felt disfrenchaised in an united Punjab with majority Hindus. The resulting split created the state of Haryana. In the 1970s and 1980s, the state went through a strong separatist movement, until the "super cop" KPS Gill brough the insurgency to an end in the early 1990s. The politics of Haryana was mostly dominated by the Congress which fought regional factions such as Haryana Vikas Party and Indian National Lok Dal. Like in the case of Bihar, caste politics do play a strong part. Since about 2012, the state political climate is radically chaging both due to the influence of neighboring New Delhi and a total disappointment with state politicians. In a surprising show in the October 2014 elections, BJP formed the government. Politics of South India & Orissa, The three distinguishing characteristics of politics in this region are: Very strong dynastic rule, especially in Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Very strong identity towards that state. State/linguistic identity is much stronger than ethnic, caste, tribal and religious identities. Given the strong state level patriotism, the push towards development is a little strong although Orissa and Andhra suffer from a deeply forested interior. In the case of Orissa, the politics was dominated by two rival Patnaik families - one of late Biju Patnaik and other of JB Patnaik. In the case of Tamil Nadu, the politics switched between the Karunanidhi clan and the MGR clan. In the case of Andhra Pradesh, the family of late NT Rama Rao hold a big sway. In all the southern states linguistic passions run very high and primary identity is through the language. Age of Coalitions After Rajiv absolutely screwed both India and his party in the 1989 elections, a hodgepodge of left and right came to power. The new government brought the OBC politics to the table and signals the rise of a new political power center. The controversy created out of ,Mandal Commission, broke the coalition and Congress was back to power in 1991. This time, finally we had a guy who is not a member of the Nehru family. India did well in the economy as Narasimha Rao led the country well, especially the first 3 years of his term. The last two years, he was too engrossed in the various scams that eventually took his legacy apart. (See more: ,What was it like to witness the 1991 economic reforms in India?,) In 1996 election, yet another group of third parties came to power and yet another time they failed in 2 years. Rise of BJP For a long time, BJP was in the shadows of its parent organization, RSS (National Volunteers Organization). Its organization was mostly run by some hardcore nationalists who were extremely poor in media management. They often gave outlandish, stupid statements and let the media paint them as crackheads. They found it very hard to utilize the public distrust for the Congress party. In the late 1980s, they got real big push from an unexpected source: ,a TV series on Ramayana. In 1987, Indian TV had its biggest blockbuster - Ramanand Sagar's TV adoption of Asia's famed epic - ,Ramayan,. The roaring success of the TV series brought "Lord Ram" into the households of the educated middle class, which for a while seemed to move completely out of religion. BJP leader Advani lost no time in running a "chariot" atop his Toyota van all over the nation. India was in "Ram frenzy". In late 1992, they used the frenzy to demolish a dilapidated old mosque in the holy city of Ayodhya. Although, the mosque demolition brought temporary backlash against them, by 1996 they became the single largest party in the Parliament using the leadership of moderate Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 1998, it came to power and lost no time in taking India nuclear. In the following year, they were able to withstand a war against Pakistan over the Kashmiri town named Kargil. Nationalism was at its peak and the liberal Atal Bihari Vajpayee took India to one of the longest period of growth. By 2004, Indian economy was among the hottest in the world. BJP gets carried away & Congress is back In 2004 BJP appeared a juggernaut. They delivered growth, won wars and the nation was fairly peaceful. However, a big riot in Gujarat in 2002 that involved various BJP leaders was a big black mark for them. More importantly, the leadership was too confident of their victory and went overboard with their ads. While India was fast growing, a lot of Indians were still poor. Many of them were taken aback by the ad campaign and this opened the door for the old devil. Congress leadership, now under Indira's daughter-in-law Sonia Gandhi seemed to finally fix its leadership trouble. It narrowly won the elections. Sonia appointed a dummy figure head in Dr. Manmohan Singh to avoid bringing controversies about her own past (naturalized citizen who didn't take up citizenship at the first opportunity). India did a fairly good job in 2004-09 timeframe and people voted them back in 2009, this time with a much bigger margin. Later, a whole lot of massive scams like the 2G spectrum was unearthed and the anti-incumbency factor set in. Rise of Modi In 2014, BJP finally had a leader who was able to work the media well. Until Modi's time, almost all media were anti-BJP for the most part. BJP and RSS were often clueless in talking to the media and thus repelled many of their target voters. Modi was adept in the art of media management and forced both BJP and RSS to not give out loose statements. The media tried really hard to bait him to give out self-defeating statements, but Modi was too smart for them. Everyone in RSS and their sister organizations knew that he was the winning horse and all decks were cleared to help Modi in every way. Modi's rise has reversed a 3 decade trend towards regional politics. Regional parties like DMK, SP, BSP and ADMK were punching well above their league and the trend since 2014 May elections seems to be moving the other way regional satraps. Key Political Slogans Econo centric Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan ,[Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer] - In the midst of the 1965 war with Pakistan, the Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri coined this slogan to improve the moral. It is to highlight the two critical aspects of Indian society - the farmers who were reeling from a series of famines and soldiers who were fighting an endless stream of major wars in the early part of 1960s [with Portugal, China and Pakistan]. Congress made use of the slogan in the 1967 elections. Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan ,[Hail the soldier, farmer and the sciences] - In 1998, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee made an update to Shastri's slogan by adding the sciences part. India tested the nuclear device and there was a high level of nationalism in that period with nuclear & defense tech forming a significant part of people's discussions. Garibi Hato ,[Abolish Poverty] - In 1971, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi created this catchy slogan to indicate her priority. India was going through its worst economic period and there was a significant pain among the poor all over India. India had turned clearly socialist by then and politicians of all stripe shifted left. The slogan captures that trend. All said, there was very little of poverty abolishing in that era. India Shining - ,In 2004, the ruling BJP government went on the complete opposite of Indira's slogan. India had turned right by then and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee wanted to utilize the general sense of euphoria that followed a period of brisk economic growth. However, they declared victory too soon. While India started to shine, it was a long way from actually shining. It spooked the poor and Vajpayee lost the elections. Congress ka Haath, Aam Aadmi ke Saath ,[The Hand symbol of Congress will always protect the common man] In 2004, Congress was desperate for a misstep by the BJP and they got one with "India Shining". Congress reminded the people that poverty still exists and the party would fight for the proverbial "common man". Leader centric Indira Hatao Desh Bachao, [Remove Indira; Save the nation], - ,In 1977, Indian society was slowly emerging from the political horror show of Emergency. There was a very real fear that India would follow the autocratic ways of its neighbors. At this critical juncture, veteran politican JP Narayanan coined this slogan and won the election. Ek sherni, sau langur ,[One Tigress, hundred monkeys] - In 1978 byelections in the sounthern constituency of Chikmagalur, Indira was staging a comeback. She was highlighting her bravery and played the victim card of how she was surrounded now. She also explicitly called out the confusing politics at the centre as the anti-Indira coalition found themselves in a pickle - with little common between them. Jab Tak Suraj Chand Rahega, Indira Tera Naam Rahega ,[As long as the Sun is shining, Indira's name would live] - In 1984, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi wanted rode the sympathy wave following Indira Gandhi's assassination. India was not used to political assassinations and the only major one before that was the 1948 assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Thus, people were in a state of shock and the Congress party completely milked the sympathy with a historic majority. Indira's name was everywhere. S,abko Dekha Bari Bari, Abki Bari Atal Bihari ,[We have seen everyone. Now, it's the turn of Atal Bihari] - In 1996, there was a strong anti-incumbency trend. India has had a variety of coalition governments in the previous 7 years and there was an electoral fatigue. BJP wanted to make use of the clean image of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The plan almost worked with the BJP emerging as the largest party in the Parliament. However, its government lasted a mere 13 days and had to wait 2 years to form a stable government. Jancha, Parkha, Khara ,[Tried, Tested, Trusted] In the 1999 elections, Prime Minister Vajpayee ran against Rajiv's widow Sonia Gandhi. He wanted to highlight his experience against the greenhorn Ms. Gandhi. People trusted enough to send him with a much bigger majority than they gave a year ago. He completed the full term without much fuss - a rarity in that era. Ab ki baar, Modi Sarkar ,[This time, it's Modi's turn] - In 2014, Modi's campaign primarily centered around him and his leadership credentials. This level of leader-centrism is unusual even in a persona-centric Indian politics. The slogan and the campaign was a roaring success. Social issues centric Ondre Kulam, oruvane thevan ,[Mankind is one. God is One] - In the 1967 elections, CN Annadurai broke away from the athiestic Dravidian movement to adopt the slogan of the Tamil religious saint, Maraimalai adigalar. There was a strong anti-caste stream in the first part of the slogan, while the second part of the slogan disrepudiated Periyar's anti-God movement. The slogan eventually took Tamilnadu firmly into Dravidian politics. Tilak, taraju aur talwar, Inko maaro joote chaar ,[Hit the Brahmins, Banias and Rajputs with shoes] In the 1990s, UP leader Mayawati brought the most casteist slogan of all by going explicitly at the top 3 categories of the Hindu caste system. She rode to power by galvanizing the lower caste votes. Maa, Mati, Manush ,[Mother, Motherland and Mankind] - In the 2009 elections in West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee ran with this slogan that portrayed her credentials as the proverbial mother fighting to save the state from the Communists. A few other top female politicians like Jayalalalitha Jayaram of Tamilnadu also use the sentimental value of the mother. Jai Telangana [Long live Telengana] ,- One of the longest running statehood movements culminated in 2014 with the creation of the separate state of Telengana formed out of the erstwhile Hyderabad state. It was among the most passionate movements in India with the supporters writing the slogan even on answers sheets in school examinations. Key Issues that influence election outcomes Inflation - ,In 1998, the price of onion shot up to Rs.40/kg [approx. $1/kg at that time] in many parts of India. The ruling BJP lost Delhi. In 2003, Congress lost the states of Rajasthan, Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh for the same reason. Indian voters are very sensitive to the prices of essential commodities like onion and these often decide outcomes in state elections. Corruption - ,Since about the early 1980s, scams and corruption have come to the centrestage in political campaigns. In 1989, Congress lost from a historic majority in the previous elections due to the Bofors scam among many other issues. In 1996, Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao amidst a range of of scams such as money laundering Hawala scam. In 2014, a range of scams led by the spectrum auction destroyed the Congress campaign
toyota fortuner slogan Related FAQs
Does Toyota Fortuner has Steering Adjustment Electric?
No, Toyota Fortuner doesn't have Steering Adjustment Electric.
What is the Horsepower (ps) of Toyota Fortuner?
Here are the Horsepower (ps) and variants of Toyota Fortuner:
Variants 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 AT 4x4 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 AT 4x4 (IMP) 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ AT 4x2 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ AT 4x4 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.7 SRZ AT 4x4 Horsepower (ps) 150 150 150 150 166 What is the Rear Tyres of Toyota Fortuner?
Here are the Rear Tyres and variants of Toyota Fortuner:
Variants 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 AT 4x4 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 AT 4x4 (IMP) 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ AT 4x2 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ AT 4x4 2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.7 SRZ AT 4x4 Rear Tyres 265/65R17 265/65R17 265/60R18 265/60R18 265/60R18
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